DEVELOP FOUR COMPETENCY STATEMENTS SPECIFIC TO THE NURSING FUNDAMENTALS

DEVELOP FOUR COMPETENCY STATEMENTS SPECIFIC TO THE NURSING FUNDAMENTALS

Part 1

The role of the nurse educator requires specialized knowledge and skills. One of the essential competencies necessary for the role is the ability to develop relevant curricula for the preparation of future nurses. It is therefore important that nurse educators comprehend and stay well-informed of trends and issues which may impact nursing education

This task is intended to facilitate your ability to develop competency statements and related learning objectives; select relevant learning assessment and evaluation tools; create learning activities that promote critical thinking and reflective skills; and actively engage and support students with diverse learning needs. As an educator, you are also required to demonstrate effective analytical skills in the evaluation of methods used to determine the achievement of program outcomes. In addition, in this task you write an element of an exam. This will help you comprehend different item types and the process involved when you develop items for course exams. These learning activities assist in building an educational foundation between the classroom setting and the clinical setting.

Scenario:

The nursing faculty at Hartford University have developed a new BSN curriculum and begun the work of designing and developing individual courses. You are a full-time, tenure-track faculty member assigned to develop courses in level one—the first year of the nursing program. Students at this level have completed all prerequisites for the BSN program.

You are asked to develop the Nursing Fundamentals course, the first clinical course students engage in once admitted to the BSN nursing program. According to the results of the nursing program entrance exam, the students who will be taking the Nursing Fundamentals course were found to have an equal distribution of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. The Nursing Fundamentals course will introduce students to nursing care across the lifespan. It will also provide students with the tools necessary to perform basic nursing care in clinical settings and will provide the framework for future clinical courses (e.g., medical/surgical, pediatric, obstetrics/gynecology, mental health, and community nursing specialties).

Requirements:

A.  Develop four competency statements specific to the Nursing Fundamentals course that are based on contemporary professional nursing standards and guidelines.

1.  Explain how each of the four competencies you developed aligns with one of the following national nursing standards and guidelines:

•   Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)

•   National League for Nursing (NLN)

•   Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

2.  Create three learning objectives for one of the course competencies that you developed.

a.  Discuss one criterion you will use to select appropriate learning resources to achieve the learning objectives you created.

3.  Discuss one of the following approaches to course design that you will use in developing the Nursing Fundamentals course:

•   traditional

•   contemporary

•   blended

 

B.  Discuss two of the following types of strategies you will use to evaluate learning outcomes in the Nursing Fundamentals course:

•   portfolio

•   papers and essays

•   role playing

•   oral questioning

•   audio and video recording

•   service learning

 

1.  Describe one advantage for each of the strategies you will use.

2.  Describe one disadvantage for each of the strategies you will use.

 

C.  Describe how criterion- and norm-referenced tests will be used in the Nursing Fundamentals course by doing the following:

1.  Discuss how criterion-referenced tests will be used in the Nursing Fundamentals course.

2.  Discuss how norm-referenced tests will be used in the Nursing Fundamentals course.

 

D.  Discuss construction of test items and responses as it relates to the development of the Nursing Fundamentals course by doing the following:

1.  Discuss advantages of using true-false test items.

2.  Discuss disadvantages of using true-false test items.

3.  Discuss advantages of using multiple-choice test items.

4.  Discuss disadvantages of using multiple-choice test items.

 

E.  Write one multiple-choice item for one of the learning objectives you created in part A2.

1.  Describe key considerations involved with item stem construction.

2.  Describe key considerations involved with developing response options.

3.  Discuss how posttest reviews may benefit students.

 

F.  Identify cultural and societal factors that may impact students’ learning in the classroom.

1.  Describe how a student’s cultural and personal background could impact learning in the classroom.

 

G.  Discuss how to facilitate learning through learning objectives and related activities.

1.  Develop one learning activity to assist learners in meeting one of the learning objectives you created in part A2.

a.  Describe how the learning activity meets the learning objective you selected in part G1.

2.  Explain how the learning activity meets one of the following learning styles of the students in the course:

•  visual

•  auditory

•  kinesthe

 

H.  Discuss the importance of creating a learning activity that promotes critical thinking skills.

1.  Identify one of the following critical thinking strategies that you believe will best facilitate the development of self-reflection skills:

•   case study

•   collaborative learning

•   debate

•   concept mapping

•   simulation

2.  Describe how you would implement the selected strategy from part H1 in the classroom to best facilitate the development of self-reflection skills.

 

I.  Provide one example of a best practice for providing feedback to students in the clinical setting.

 

J.  When you use sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format.

 

PART 2

The role of the nurse educator requires specialized knowledge and skills. Essential competencies include being able to develop relevant curricula for the preparation of future nurses as well as participate in program evaluation activities. Implementation of a nursing education curriculum can be influenced by community stakeholders, available technology, the needs of diverse learners, cultural and societal factors, and interdisciplinary partnerships. This performance assessment addresses strategies for implementing and evaluating a nursing education curriculum.

Scenario:

You are a faculty member on the nursing curriculum committee tasked with transitioning the current associate degree program to a four-year baccalaureate nursing program. The committee has completed the work of designing the new curriculum and it will be fully implemented in approximately eight months

Requirements:

A.  Discuss ways to keep stakeholders informed about new curriculum development by doing the following:

1.  Discuss two strategies that should be implemented to keep current students in the associate degree program informed about the new curriculum development.

2.  Discuss two strategies that should be implemented to keep healthcare and community agencies informed about the new curriculum development.

 

B.  Discuss the possible challenges and opportunities with curriculum development by doing the following:

1.  Discuss a possible challenge for faculty who may be required to teach in the existing associate degree program and the new BSN program simultaneously.

2.  Discuss how the integration of interdisciplinary partnerships in the new curriculum will enhance student learning.

 

C.  Develop a plan for evaluating the effectiveness of the new BSN curriculum in which you do the following:

1.  Identify one evaluation method you will use to assess the effectiveness of your curriculum design.

2.  Explain the type of data you will need to collect in order to support your evaluation method from part C1.

3.  Explain how data collection can inform course improvement.

 
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describe a specific ethical issue involving the culture and sociodynamics of a vulnerable group that might require an interprofessional team to address

Question description
In response to discussions below, be sure to include at least one APA-formatted citation (in-text plus full reference). The citation may be from course textbooks, assigned readings, or an outside source. Your initial post must be a minimum of 125 words in length. provide a response for each “Word Document” attached
The discussion post describe a specific ethical issue involving the culture and sociodynamics of a vulnerable group that might require an interprofessional team to address. Describe the individual dynamics that are at work.
uestion description
The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate that you have mastered the topic/concepts you have researched and can engage in meaningful, scholarly dialog and/or debate with your peers while also offering a unique contribution to the subject.
For this assignment, you will:

  • Select three (3) questions submitted by your peers and/or your instructor from the discussion board to address formally and in detail for this assignment.
  • Choose questions of intellectual substance; each response should be 2 paragraphs in length.
  • Include the questions above your responses.
  • Present the question in bold text and your response beneath in regular APA style text. You do not need to identify the person who submitted the question.
  • Your responses should be organized, comprehensive, and well written.
  • Use citations and a reference page when appropriate to include supporting evidence; however, your responses should be unique and indicative of your own understanding of the subject.
 
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Medication Insulin Lispro

APA Paper on Medication Insulin Lispro

Medication Insulin Lispro

Due July 2, 2017

Document APA Format

Note any additional references used

(See Attached information from the FDA-Food & Drug Administration)

Include information in the paper that is in Bold

(see information noted from my initial research)

Pharmacokinetics of Lispro

(Information to use) Used in management of Diabetes mellitus, types 1 and 2: Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent, IDDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (noninsulin dependent, NIDDM) to improve glycemic control

Onset of action

Peak

Rapid acting: insulin lispro (Humalog)

              0 to 15 minutes (Peak)

30 to 90 minutes (Onset of Action)

Half-life

Duration of action

Pharmacodynamics of Lispro insulin

Pharmacotherapeutics of Lispro

Include Drug-to-drug interactions,

Drug-to-food interactions,

Drug-to-herb interactions

Routes and dosage ranges

For Children

For Adults

(Information to consider in writing paper)

Type 1 Diabetic : Note: Multiple daily doses or continuous subcutaneous infusions guided by blood glucose monitoring are the standard of diabetes care. Combinations of insulin formulations are commonly used. The daily doses presented below are expressed as the total units/kg/day of all insulin formulations combined.

Initial total insulin dose: 0.2 to 0.6 units/kg/day in divided doses. Conservative initial doses of 0.2 to 0.4 units/kg/day are often recommended to avoid the potential for hypoglycemia. A rapid-acting insulin may be the only insulin formulation used initially.

Usual maintenance range: 0.5 to 1 units/kg/day in divided doses. An estimate of anticipated needs may be based on body weight and/or activity factors as follows:

Nonobese: 0.4 to 0.6 units/kg/day

Obese: 0.8 to 1.2 units/kg/day

Adverse effects of Lispro

·       Cardiovascular: Peripheral edema

·       Central nervous system: Headache (type 1 diabetes: 30%; type 2 diabetes: 12%), pain (11% to 20%)

·       Endocrine & metabolic: Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, weight gain

·       Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (type 1 diabetes: 9%), nausea (type 1 diabetes: 6%)

·

·       Genitourinary: Urinary tract infection (type 1 diabetes: 6%)

·

·       Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reaction

·

·       Immunologic: Antibody development

·

·       Infection: Infection (10% to 14%)

·

·       Local: Hypertrophy at injection site, injection site reaction, lipoatrophy at injection site

·

·       Neuromuscular & skeletal: Myalgia (type 1 diabetes: 7%; most likely secondary to excipient metacresol)

·

·       Respiratory: Flu-like symptoms (type 1 diabetes: 35%; type 2 diabetes: 6%), pharyngitis (type 1 diabetes: 33%; type 2 diabetes: 7%), rhinitis (type 1 diabetes: 25%; type 2 diabetes: 8%)

• Glycemic control: The most common adverse effect of insulin is hypoglycemia. The timing of hypoglycemia differs among various insulin formulations. Hypoglycemia may result from changes in meal pattern (eg, macronutrient content or timing of meals), changes in the level of physical activity, increased work or exercise without eating or changes to co-administered medications. Hyperglycemia is also a concern; may occur with CSII pump or infusion set malfunctions or insulin degradation; hyper- or hypoglycemia may result from changes in insulin strength, manufacturer, type or administration method. Use of long-acting insulin preparations (eg, insulin detemir, insulin glargine) may delay recovery from hypoglycemia. Patients with renal or hepatic impairment may be at a higher risk. Symptoms differ in patients and may change over time in the same patient; awareness may be less pronounced in those with long standing diabetes, diabetic nerve disease, patients taking beta-blockers or in those who experience recurrent hypoglycemia. Profound and prolonged episodes of hypoglycemia may result in convulsions, unconsciousness, temporary or permanent brain damage or even death. Insulin requirements may be altered during illness, emotional disturbances or other stressors. Instruct patients to use caution with ethanol; may increase risk of hypoglycemia.

• Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions (serious, life-threatening and anaphylaxis) have occurred. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue administration and initiate supportive care measures.

• Hypokalemia: Insulin (especially IV insulin) causes a shift of potassium from the extracellular space to the intracellular space, possibly producing hypokalemia. If left untreated, hypokalemia may result in respiratory paralysis, ventricular arrhythmia and even death. Use with caution in patients at risk for hypokalemia (eg, loop diuretic use).

Monitoring

·       Monitor serum potassium frequently with IV insulin use and supplement potassium when necessary.

Patient teaching

 
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The purpose of this milestone is to begin the process of becoming an expert on your topic. As a group, decide on a medical condition that is caused by your assigned human activity

Lit Review Outline Directions with Examples
Assignment 1
The purpose of this milestone is to begin the process of becoming an expert on your topic. As a group, decide on a medical condition that is caused by your assigned human activity.

1. Begin to brainstorm about a taskforce name for your group

a. Extinction of bees caused by pesticides – The Sting without the Buzz / A Different Kind of Buzz

b. Loss of sustainability though Corporate Ownership– Farmageddon / Make Faming Great Again

c. Plastic Pollution and hormone Disruption: Save the Jugs / Plus Sized Plastic / Bottles Swimmers

2. List out 6 subtopics that will help create a comprehensive review of the literature on your topic. Find at least 15 articles that are related to your topic and specific role. And three references for each subtopic. References can be reused for more than one subtopic. Create a literature review outline. For each reference list a minimum of 3 relevant, specific and detailed pieces of information rewritten in your own words, that will be helpful as you progress through the course (relevant statistics, current treatment, legislation, history).

Look for

3. Articles published by non-profit, health, agricultural and environmental organizations or coalitions that are already involved in your topic (for or against). It might not be a bad idea to see what the opposition’s position is. These most likely will not be sources for a literature review but often reference studies that are peer reviewed or governmental agency reports which you will be able to use.

4. Published articles by investigative journals like BBC, PBS, NPR, Huffington Post, the Guardian, New York Times or Washington Post can also help you to get your feet wet. Often these sources reference studies that are peer reviewed or governmental agency reports

5. Lobbying groups that have influenced policy makers to create legislation that has led to the threat of a health care crisis.

6. Information on current legislation and laws related to your topic

7. Absolutely no dot coms

Keep your role in mind during the investigation

· Medical care provider – you will be identifying the toxin or nutrient imbalance and will also be an expert the disease and current treatment

· Epidemiologist/ Sociologist – you will be making the link between the human activity and the health related issue. You will be an expert in the social or ecological environment depending on your topic.

· Scientist- you will be creating a revolutionary treatment and will be an expert in the pathophysiology of the disease as well as research and development.

· Public Health Educator- you will be providing the history of the industry / institution involved in causing the health related issue, be an expert in legislation and provide alternative education material to prevent the public health or social issue.

Literature review Outline
Name:

Topic:

Role: Psychiatrist

1. The history of drinking milk

2. The Farm Bill

3. Lobbying and Market Control

A. (2013, October 31). Agriculture and Health Policies in Conflict: How Subsidies Tax our Health: Government Support for Unhealthful Foods. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from http://www.pcrm.org/health/reports/agriculture-and-health-policies-unhealthful-foodsAgriculture and

a. Commodity crops like corn, soy, barley, oats, sorghum, cotton, wheat, rice are receive the majority of federal farming subsidies

b. Dairy has its own federal subsidy programs

c. USDA refers to fresh veggies and fruit as specialty crops and does not receive subsidies.

d. If you grow commodity crops you cannot grow specialty crops

4. Environmental impact of Dairy

5. Farmers as Victims of Big Ag

6. Milk’s False claims to health

(2016, January 26). Health Concerns about Dairy Products. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from http://www.pcrm.org/health/diets/vegdiets/health-concerns-about-dairy-products

a. Clinical research shows dairy has no benefit for bones

b. High levels of IGF-1 has been linked with milk consumption and cancer

c. A large portion of people are lactose intolerant – Asians (95%), Native Americans (75%), and African Americans (70%).

d. Is a source of contamination like hormones, plastics and viruses

7. Bovine Leukemia

Bovine leukemia virus. (January 7, 2017). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 15, 2017, From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_leukemia_virus

a. Retrovirus that interrogates its self into the genome of the host in the lymph

b. Contains an oncogene HTLV 1 &2 that codes for a protein TAX

c. TAX interferes with the cell cycle and genetic integrity by blocking cellular pathways

Options in controlling BLV. (n.d.). Retrieved April 03, 2017, from http://blv.msu.edu/

d. Unsuccessful at creating a vaccine at this time

e. Options for controlling BLV: more sanitary conditions within the herds = not using the same needle, use only BLV negative cattle for breading, change gloves during exams, clean equipment with blood on it (dehorning, tattooing)

f. Bovine leukemia has been eradicated from 12 European countries yet the US has done little to act

Sarah Yang, Media relations | September 15, 2015September 21, 2015, & Yang, S. (2015, September 21). Virus in cattle linked to human breast cancer. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from http://news.berkeley.edu/2015/09/15/bovine-leukemia-virus-breast-cancer

g. Researchers analyzed tissue from 239 women for the presence of BLV and compared the sample from women with and without breast cancer. 59% of women with breast cancer samples had evidence of exposure

h. 29% of the tissue samples from women without breast cancer had been exposed to the virus

i. Department of Agriculture found 100% of bulk milk tanks contained the virus. Smaller farms 83% of the milk was contaminated

j. This odds ratio is higher than other publicized risk factor (obesity, drinking, menopause)

k. Treatment could be shifted to prevention instead of reactionary

THIS IS NOT COMPLETE. DO THIS FOR 10 MORE REFERANCES

 
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Describe the strategies for conflict resolution and how you would collaborate with a nurse leader to resolve the conflict. Cites the course textbook and two scholarly sources

 
Observe nurses in a care delivery setting. Identify a recurring conflict with the potential to negatively impact patient care. Decide if delegation was an issue in the conflict. This should be from your practice setting or prelicensure experiences.
Provide details of what happened, including who was involved, what was said, where it occurred, and what was the outcome that led you to decide the conflict was unresolved.
Identify the type of conflict. Explain your rationale for selecting this type.
Outline the four stages of conflict, as described in our text, and how they relate to your example.
Propose strategies to resolve the conflict. Search scholarly sources in the library and the Internet for evidence on what may be effective.
Discuss if delegation was an issue in the conflict. Be specific.
Describe how you would collaborate with a nurse leader to reach consensus on the best strategy to employ to deal with the conflict.
Describe the rationale for selecting the best strategy.
Provide a summary or conclusion about this experience or assignment and how you may deal with conflict more effectively in the future.
Write a 5-7 page paper (not including the title or References pages) using APA format that includes the following.
Describe an unresolved (recurring) conflict that you experienced or observed. Identify the type of conflict.
Provide details of what happened, including who was involved, what was said, where it occurred, and what was the outcome that led you to decide the conflict was unresolved.
Outline the four stages of conflict, as described in Finkelman, and how the stages relate to your example. Decide if delegation was an issue in the conflict. Be specific.
Describe the strategies for conflict resolution and how you would collaborate with a nurse leader to resolve the conflict. Cites the course textbook and two scholarly sources.
Provide a conclusion or summary about this experience and how you may deal with conflict more effectively in the future.
Text: Finkelman, A. (2016). Leadership and management for nurses: Core competencies for quality care (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

 
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Nusing Implications Conclusion

Nusing Implications Conclusion

Multiple Pregnancy Essay Help
Paper should be a minmum of 5 pages and must follow APA format. Must use a variety of professional reerences, including nursing jornals. Wikipedia is not acceptable. Paper should include at least the following: Background: Epidemiology include current statistics on disease distribution risk factors definitions & background data Prognosis Pathophysiology: Review of normal system anatomy and physiology (breif statement) Functional changes associated with diseae process: clinical presentation disease progression Diagnostic Procedures: Labs (discuss implications for relevant labs) Disease specific diagnostic tests (discuss expected findings Treatments: medications (discuss specific drugs used) medical/surgical procedures current treds in care/treatment: may include research currently being done; whats new on the horizon to improve patient outcomes.

 

Nusing Implications Conclusion ANSWER Multiple pregnancy Multiple pregnancies are a condition that results from intricate interaction of environmental and genetic determinants.

Currently the condition is increasingly becoming frequent after a 30 to 40 year decrease trend. The following paper aims at discussing multiple pregnancy in detail. The paper shall cover epidemiology, pathphysiology, diagnostics, treatment, and nurses implications among other aspects. Multiple pregnancy is defined a condition that occurs when more than one fetus is maintained in a single pregnancy to the full term of birth (Kilby, 2006). The more than one fetus is known as twins and naturally occur about one in 100 births. Twin pregnancy results in two types of twins or fetus, identical and fraternal. In the identical twins, they represent the splitting of a sole fertilized zygote into two separate individuals while the fraternal twins represent two eggs being fertilized by a two different sperms (Kilby, 2006). Multiple pregnancy has over the years risen steadily since the 70s.

The current rise in multiple pregnancy incidences reflects the increased use of fertility drugs and the change in age distribution of women at birth, where more women are giving birth at older ages. In the late 80s, multiple pregnancy was 22 percent a figure higher than that recorded in the 70s of 18 percent (Ward Platt, Glinianaia & Rankin, 2006). In addition, over the past 10 years there has been an increase in triplets compared to twins. The occurrence of multiple pregnancy varies from nation to nation, with the elevated rates being recorded in Nigeria and the lowest in Japan. Rates also vary from ethnic and racial groups. The twinning rate in Caucasoid is about eight per a 1000 births and for Negroes about twice of that (Ward Platt, Glinianaia & Rankin, 2006). In the U.S, the black incidences rates exceed those of whites. Multiple pregnancy rates for Chinese, American Indian, Filipino, and Japanese is 24 to 43 percent lower than black births and 13 to 31 percent lower than the rates of white births. In Sweden, the multiple pregnancy rates has been significantly lower in towns than rural environs.

In contrast, Finland has reported a 1 to 2 percent increase of twinning rates in the rural community compared to urban community (Ward Platt, Glinianaia & Rankin, 2006). The variance is likely to be encouraged by differences in mean parity and age. Maternal pregnancy is accompanied with some risk factors the major one being maternal age. Multiple pregnancy rates have exorbitantly increased between the ages of 15 and 35 years. In other reports and studies, increase in twinning rate has increased with maternal age of up to 35 to 40 years. These results are very similar to studies about the mean age of singletons and mothers of twins and case-control studies (Kilby, 2006). This current pattern has been characterized by the subsequent decline in ovarian function of older women and the increase of levels of gonadotrophins with age, given the maximum stimulus of follicles occurs between the ages of 35 to 40. There has been a decrease in the twinning rates in women aged 40, which has initiate a lot of speculation to the causes. Selective means like increased abortions in multiple pregnancy in older women and environmental and genetic aspects are among some of the suspected cause that are just mere speculation. In multiple pregnancy prognoses, a history of earlier dizygotic twins boosts the probability of multiple pregnancy (Keith & Blickstein, 2005). In the U.S, the mortality rate of multiple pregnancy is merely higher than that of singleton. Hemorrhage is five times frequent in multiple pregnancy rates as in normal single pregnancy. However, multiple pregnancy has a higher probability of operative delivery and abnormal presentation, with increased complication. Common occurrences in multiple pregnancy include premature labor and premature rapture of membranes (Keith & Blickstein, 2005). In addition, prenatal morbidity and mortality rates are increased in multiple pregnancy, due to its complications and preterm delivery.

Complications associated with multiple pregnancy include placental abruption, placenta pervia, cord enlargement, postpartum In general, about 50 percent of twins weigh an estimated 2500 grams, although most of them have a gestational age of about 36 weeks or more (Keith & Blickstein, 2005). Multiple pregnancy accounts for 9 percent of prenatal deaths and 15 percent of premature births both directly or indirectly, which is 7 times the rate in normal single births (Keith & Blickstein, 2005). Occurrences of intrauterine development restriction are increased in multiple pregnancy. Abnormal presentation and congenital malformations are more severe in monozygous twins. Additionally, diabetes mellitus, Preeclampsia-eclampsia, and other disorders are likely to endanger the fetus. Multiple pregnancy is accompanied by several physiologic changes. During pregnancy, numerous adaptive changes occur in the maternal organism to ensure an optimal environment for the fetus growth. The physiologic adjustments take place in the woman or mother in reaction or response of the requirements of the pregnancy. These requirements include protection of the fetus, support of the fetus, preparation of the uterus for delivery and protection of the woman against probable cardiovascular harm during birth (Keith & Blickstein, 2005). All maternal systems or organism are supposed to adopt even though the degree, timing, and quality of the adaptation differ from one organ system to another and from one individual to another. Multiple pregnancy significantly influence the proper adaptation of the pregnancy demands. With the knowledge and understanding of physiologic adaptive transformations health care providers are able to predict pathology, foresee effects of twin pregnancy, and handle future and current pregnancy associated complications and disorders. Multiple pregnancy is deemed as a high risk pregnancy by health care providers, as the changes associated with it differ from those of a singleton pregnancy.

The changes generally differ due to the presence of more than one fetus in the uterine opening. Functional changes associated with multiple pregnancy include anatomical changes. The number of fetuses in the uterine cavity and the size of the uterus in determine these changes. In multiple pregnancy, the uterus grows bigger compared to the singleton pregnancy, during the 18th week the uterus is twice the size of the singleton pregnancy and during the 25th week the size is like that of a fully matured singleton pregnancy (Keith & Blickstein, 2005). Another significant anatomical change is related to the cervical length, which is vital in terms of the development duration. During multiple pregnancy, the cervical length condenses about 0.8 mm a week, a condition is a risk factor for the pregnancy but also definitely inclines the pregnancy to a premature birth. Furthermore, the amniotic fluid levels are higher compared to the singleton pregnancy. The fluid volume increases constantly until the second trimester and then alleviates during the commence of the third trimester (Kilby, 2006). Finally, in the anatomical changes weight gain differs from the singleton pregnancy. In multiple pregnancy, weight gain ought to be an estimated 16 to 20 kg, which is just about 0.6 kg per week (Kilby, 2006). In some cases a higher weight gain can be concluded to be an outcome of triplets or twins. This is because multiple pregnancy require more nutrition to support the fetuses compared to singleton. Apart from the anatomical changes, multiple pregnancy also has physiological changes. The first physiological change is in the circulatory system with the increased demand for oxygen. The demand for oxygen occurs early and is more intense compared to the singleton pregnancy (Kilby, 2006). The cardiac output enhances 30 to 40 percent by the end of the first trimester until it enhances to 50 percent greater than the output of a non-pregnant woman (Armour & Callister 2005).

This occurrence is significantly related to the increased blood circulation. This phenomenon is controversial. Nevertheless, is contemplation is the enlarged levels of placental hormones and commencement of rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Blood flow in the uterus and fetus increases 20 to 40 times compared to singleton pregnancy (Armour & Callister 2005). High concentrations of progestagens in twin pregnancy lead to a decline of diastolic blood pressure. This can cause the greater mass of the fetus, placentas, and amniotic fluid to compress neighboring vessels and organs causing supine hypotensive syndrome (Keith & Dera, 2007). Another physiological change occurs in the gastrointestinal system, where the frequency of emptying gastric acid is increased in multiple pregnancy. The appearance of gastric is so distinguishing that by itself it can propose a multiple pregnancy. Progesterone in the blood increases causing the intensification of the changes related to the performance of the gastrointestinal system (Keith & Dera, 2007). Progesterone directly damages peristalsis of the intestines and stomach decreasing food absorption. Most women suspect multiple pregnancy especially if they have never given birth before. For the sake of the unborn child or children, early pregnancy diagnosis is recommended especially in cases where the woman has applied reproductive technologies. The most common method of diagnosing multiple pregnancy is through ultrasound. However, there are other lab tests that are used in diagnosing multiple pregnancy (Keith & Dera, 2007). For instance, patients undergo a blood test, which the level of human constant gonadotrophin is higher in multiple pregnancy. Another method is the alpha-fetoprotein, which is involves the comparing of protein levels released by the fetal liver and levels found in the mothers blood because if it is high it means there is more than fetus making the protein. The most common and widely used is the ultrasound, which involves a imaging machine that uses a computer and high frequency sound waves to create images of organs, tissues, and blood vessels. In diagnosing multiple pregnancy, a stomach transducer is used to view the fetus and various body organs. This method is the most effective and easy to use. In treatment, various medications and surgical procedures are used. Due to the high risk of premature birth associated with multiple pregnancy, tocolytic medications can be administered to patients (Taylor, 2006). These are medications used to restrain premature delivery or labor.

Also they are used if the premature labor occurs by slowing or stopping constraints. The drugs may be administered intravenously, orally, or in an injection. tocolytic medications mostly used include magnesium sulfate and terbutaline (Taylor, 2006). Additionally corticosteroid medications can be administered to assist in developing the respiratory system of the fetus (Taylor, 2006). With the high risk of complications and abnormality in multiple pregnancy, fetuses are likely to develop immature lungs which is a common complication in immature babies. Health care providers also use surgical procedure for treating multiple pregnancy (Taylor, 2006). For instance, when dealing with women with an incompetent cervix health care providers use cerclage, a medical procedure for stitching the cervical opening (Taylor, 2006). In conclusion, multiple pregnancy is a high profile complication and nursing care should be administered appropriately. The patient should be monitored at all times and ensure the best experience in the resting or operation room. Nurses ought to maintain ethics and values in dealing with multiple pregnancy. In addition, they should consider legal issues associated with multiple pregnancy. References Armour K. & Callister L. (2005). Prevention of triplets and high order multiples: Trends in reproductive medicine. Journal of Prenatal and Neonatal Nursing, 19, 103-11. Keith, L. & Dera, A. (2007). Twin pregnancy physiology, complications and the mode of delivery. Archives of Prenatal Medicine. 13 (3): 7-16. Kilby, M. (2006). Multiple pregnancy. London, UK: RCOG Press. Keith, L. & Blickstein, I. (2005). Multiple pregnancy: epidemiology, gestation & prenatal outcome. London, UK: Taylor & Francis. Taylor, M. (2006). The management of multiple pregnancy. Early Hum Dev, 82 (6):365-70. Ward Platt, M., Glinianaia S. & Rankin, J. (2006) The North of England Multiple Pregnancy Register: five-year results of data collection. Twin Res Hum Genet, 9 (6):913-8. Submitting high quality Essays,Research Papers, Term Papers, is the only way students can score high grades( As). Students ought to hire professional Writing Service providers who can deliver high quality work within the allocated time. Click to ORDER NOW nIt’s only fair to share


 

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Provide a summary of your findings and your conclusion. What problems did you identify? The community has new buildings in most places with architectural designs similar to those of the 1930s. Black dominated areas are less developed than the white dominated ones. There are several social, health and economic facilities.

Provide a summary of your findings and your conclusion. What problems did you identify? The community has new buildings in most places with architectural designs similar to those of the 1930s. Black dominated areas are less developed than the white dominated ones. There are several social, health and economic facilities.

 

Caring for Populations Milestone 3

Order Description

Instructions: Copy of Guideline to follow, Copy of Milestone 2 included for reference, Copy of Wind Shield Survey included for reference, Nursing Components of the nursing process included: such as Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation. Refer to Nies,& McEwen pg14,figure 1-3 Public Health Wheel. Also included is a helpful tool for Qualitative and Quantitative Methods of evaluation. My school use Turnitin for grading paper. Thank you

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION METHODS
For the final assignment in NR 443: Community Health Nursing, you will need to utilize a qualitative or
quantitative evaluation method to evaluate your proposed intervention.
Qualitative evaluation techniques generally are subjective data and can include methods such as:
• observation methods
• interviews
• focus groups
• other non-statistical data
Example:
If your proposed intervention is related to childhood obesity, you may want to interview the children
pre and post intervention to see if their attitude about food and health has changed. This would be a
qualitative evaluation method.
Example:
For the same intervention, you want to have a focus group with pre and post intervention with parents
to see if their children’s attitudes about food have changed. This would be a qualitative evaluation
method.
Quantitative evaluation techniques generally are objective data and can include methods such as:
• surveys/questionnaires
• pre/posttests
• physiologic data
• statistical analysis
Example:
Your proposed intervention is the same as the example above, but instead of an interview, you would
like to measure the children’s weight pre and post your intervention. This would be a quantitative
evaluation method.
Example:
Another example of a quantitative evaluation method would be having a pre and posttest on healthy
foods and importance of exercise. You would compare the pre intervention test results with the post to
measure if your intervention was effective.

Fall Creek Community Windshield Survey
Name: Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Criteria Your response
1. Community Introduction:
Identify the community you will be using for this assignment. It should be the area where you live or the area surrounding your work setting. The Fall Creek community is the one I chose for the Community Windshield Survey in which I have lived for the past six years. It is a US community that is master-planned in the unincorporated Harris County of Texas. Ralph (2004) reported that the 1300 acre community is about 3 miles from the George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston and is in the north of Downtown Indianapolis, Indiana.

2. Windshield survey
a. Vitality This community is a transitional state in that it has beautiful, newly built homes with an architectural style similar to that of the 1930s. The houses are same to some of the historic ones within the community. Definite delineation is evident between the sections that aren’t updated and the restored section. The evidence of this comes from the condition of the residences as well as the maintenance of infrastructures like street lighting, sidewalks, and environmental sanitation.
b. Indicators of social and economic conditions There are many small restaurants and shops in the community’s residential areas. On the main thoroughfare bordering the community’s western edge, there are three fast-food chain restaurants. The city bus stops, which are marked well. The developed area has Pilates studio, yoga, high-end salon and butcher among many others. The three public designated parks have an open green space with limited playground equipment. Fall Creek appears to be dominated by the blacks in the older sections while the whites dominate the redeveloped ones. At any given time, the police appeared equal in all places. The community’s resource centers are many, same to the youth and senior centers.
c. Health Resources There is proximal to a large hospital with outpatient, inpatient, and emergency departments. The hospital campus is about one mile from the community’s age, and it doesn’t have a community clinic. There are two national chain drugstores proximal to the hospital with a staff nurse practitioner at daytime.
d. Environmental conditions related to health The community has a clean environment with fresh air in most places. However, the black dominated areas are somehow dirty with conspicuous dumping sites. Some sewerage systems are ineffective in that there are some places with leakages.
e. Social functioning The community has two high schools as well as two great schools with both lying opposite the community edges. Churches are many taking up business spaces or the long abandoned buildings. Only the community churches have community gatherings. Most students walk to and from school, and before and after classes, the streets are full of them.
f. Attitude toward health care The attitude towards health care varies between the white and black dominated areas. Most of the whites dominate the hospital while trying to receive care while the blacks are few.
3. Conclusion:
Provide a summary of your findings and your conclusion. What problems did you identify? The community has new buildings in most places with architectural designs similar to those of the 1930s. Black dominated areas are less developed than the white dominated ones. There are several social, health and economic facilities. However, the health and recreational facilities and schools are inadequate for the community since there is no community clinic in addition to a few schools. It’s hard to pass health information to the community at a faster rate because of this in addition to the findings that only churches are responsible for social gatherings. Waste disposal and the sewerage system pose a great danger to the health of the people in the community. Furthermore, most blacks don’t seek health care services compared to their white colleagues, which is a challenge in ensuring a healthy community. Therefore, the community has a lot to do so as to upgrade the living standards and health of its people.
4. References:
OPTIONAL: List any references that you cited. Ralph, B.(2004). Fall Creek is ripe territory for Fein apartment project. Texas: Houston Chronicle.

NR443 Guidelines for Caring for Populations
Milestone 3: Intervention and Evaluation
PURPOSE
The purpose of this PowerPoint presentation is to provide an opportunity to develop a community health nursing intervention and evaluation tool for your identified community health problem (described in Milestone 2: Assessment and Diagnosis) and identify the components of the nursing process as it applies to a community or population.
COURSE OUTCOMES
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.
CO #2. Integrate clinical judgment in professional decision-making and implementation of the nursing process through analysis of community health nursing practice. (PO #4)
CO #6. Recognize effective nursing skills and collaborative techniques used with consumers and other healthcare providers within all levels of healthcare. (PO #2)
CO #8. Incorporate evidence-based practice in the planning of professional nursing care to individuals, families, aggregates, and communities. (PO #8)
SCENARIO
You are a Community/Public Health Nurse (C/PHN) working in your setting of choice. You have identified a community health problem and have analyzed the data collected from your windshield survey and assessment & diagnosis assignments (the first two milestones). You have decided on one nursing intervention and need your organization’s approval for funding of this intervention. Your leadership team has agreed to listen to your proposal.
DIRECTIONS
• Choose a community health nurse setting. Some examples of settings are school nurse, parish nurse, home health nurse, nurse working in the health department (be specific to what area in the health department, e.g., WIC, STD clinic, health promotion, maternal-child health, etc.)
• Introduction: Introduce the identified problem, the purpose of the presentation, and reiterate at least one or two important findings that demonstrate this problem in your community (average of 1–2 slides)
• Proposed Intervention: Propose one community health nursing intervention that would address one or more of the major direct or indirect factors that contribute to the problem. Keep in mind the Public Health Intervention Wheel (Nies & McEwen, p. 14, figure 1-3) as your framework (average of 3-4 slides). Your intervention needs to be specific:
o Who is your target population?
o Where is this intervention taking place?
o Will it take place one time or multiple times?
o How will you reach out to your target population?
? How will you get your target population involved?
o What is the CH Nurses role in this intervention?
o Will you collaborate with anyone (e.g., physician’s office, church, local resources, etc.?)
o Is anyone else involved besides yourself (C/PHN)?
? If yes, are they paid or volunteers?
o What level(s) of prevention is your intervention addressing (primary, secondary and/or tertiary prevention)?
• Intervention Justification: Justify why the problem and your nursing interventions should be a priority.
o Based on what you have found in the literature, discuss why these interventions are expected to be effective. Include summarized information from at least two professional scholarly sources related to your interventions (average of 2-3 slides).
• Proposed Evaluation: Your presentation must include at least one proposed quantitative or qualitative evaluation method that you would use to determine whether your intervention is effective. It should include the method you would use along with desired outcomes. Outcome measurement is a crucial piece when implementing interventions. There is a helpful tool in Doc Sharing to assist you with understanding qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluation. (average of 2-3 slides)
o Include discussion about the long-term and short-term impact on your community if the intervention is successful. Keep in mind your desired outcomes when analyzing the evaluation.
• Summary: The summary should reiterate the main points of the presentation and conclude with what you are asking to be accomplished, e.g., “Based on ABC, it is imperative our community has XYZ. Thank you for your consideration.”
• In addition to the slides described above, your presentation should include a title slide, and reference slide. Remember, you are presenting to your leadership team, so the slides should include the most important elements for them to know in short bullet pointed phrases. You may add additional comments in the notes section to clarify information for your instructor.
GUIDELINES
• Application: Use Microsoft PowerPoint 2010.
• Length: The PowerPoint slide show is expected to be no more than 20 slides in length (not including the title slide and reference list slide).
BEST PRACTICES IN PREPARING POWERPOINT
The following are best practices in preparing this project:
• Be creative, but realistic with your intervention and evaluation tool.
• Incorporate graphics, clip art or photographs to increase interest.
• Slides should be easy to read with short bullet points and large font.
• Review directions thoroughly.
• Cite all sources within the slide show as well as on the reference page.
• Proofread prior to final submission.
• Spell check for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission.
• Abide by the CCN academic integrity policy.
Grading Rubric: Caring for Populations: Intervention and Evaluation

Problem identification
Presentation includes at least one slide that introduces the problem and significant findings in the community
Problem is introduced but lacks support with findings
Supportive findings discussed but problem identification not clear.
Problem is not introduced and does not have significant community findings
Proposed intervention
One community health nursing intervention is proposed that would address one or more of the major direct or indirect factors that contribute to the problem. Intervention includes specifics:
*Where is this intervention taking place?”
*Will it take place one time or multiple times?
*How will you reach your target population?
*How will you involve your target population? Will you collaborate with anyone (e.g., physician’s office, church, local resources, etc.)
CHN role? Is anyone else involved besides yourself (C/PHN)?
*What level(s) of prevention are you addressing?
*Community setting is clear.
One intervention is proposed but is missing one or two specific details.
Intervention is missing more than two specific details.
Intervention is not proposed or insufficient.
Intervention justification and application of evidence-based literature
Includes at least one slide that discusses why this intervention should be a priority based on two scholarly findings. Two or more quality references from professional literature are cited that clearly support your rationale.
Includes slide stating why the intervention should be a priority. Two references cited but information in the reference may be biased or not directly relevant to your rationale.
Intervention justification inadequate or fewer than two references cited.
Lacks slide on intervention justification. No references cited.
Evaluation
Presentation includes at least one proposed quantitative or qualitative evaluation method and desired outcomes. Long-term and short-term impact on your community if the intervention is “successful” discussed.
At least one evaluation method described but lacks discussion on long and short-term impact on community
Long and short term impact on community discussed, but evaluation method unclear.
Presentation lacks clear evaluation method and future impact.
Summary
Includes at least one summary slide that reiterates the problem and purpose of the presentation.
Summary does not clearly reiterate the problem OR purpose.
Lacks reiteration of problem AND purpose.
Summary slide not present.
Overall presentation
Presentation is presented in a clear and logical manner. PowerPoint is appealing to the eye and includes creativity. Font is easy to read.
Presentation is accurate and covers most elements but lacks creativity.
Presentation lacks flow and creativity or is difficult to follow. (7 points) Presentation lacks any attempt at organization and comes across as chaotic.
Mechanics
Includes title slide (1)
Grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure are correct. (3)
References properly cited within the paper (2)
Reference page includes all citations. (2)
Evidence of spell and grammar check. (2)
Title slide incomplete
Minimal errors in grammar, punctuation and/or sentence structure noted
Citations are present but not in correct format
References are present, with minimal errors in format
Missing title slide
Multiple grammar and punctuation errors noted
Title slide and citations are missing
References are missing or incomplete
No evidence of proof-reading prior to submitting paper


 

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Sternberg and Gardner have proposed multiple-intelligence theories against traditional theories that focused on a single view of intelligence. Critics of multiple-intelligence theories ask whether every specialized skill must have a separate intelligence.

Sternberg and Gardner have proposed multiple-intelligence theories against traditional theories that focused on a single view of intelligence. Critics of multiple-intelligence theories ask whether every specialized skill must have a separate intelligence.

 

ESSY QUESTION: Sternberg and Gardner have proposed multiple-intelligence theories against traditional theories that focused on a single view of intelligence. Critics of multiple-intelligence theories ask whether every specialized skill must have a separate intelligence. On the other hand, studies of the brain have shown that it processes different categories of data in different parts of the brain. Evolutionary psychology analyzes the functioning of the brain to explain the human mind. Do you think that the evolutionary psychology approach answers the criticism leveled against multiple-intelligence approaches? You may find articles on this approach on the Internet and in your local libraries. Also research information on how the human brain processes different categories of data in different parts of the brain. Write a reflective essay based on your research.

2 PAGES
Creditable site…NO Wiki
3+ citations

Grade Rubric:

Critical Elements Distinguished Proficient Emerging Not Evident Value
Main Elements Includes all of the main elements and requirements and cites multiple examples to illustrate each element
(23-25) Includes most of the main elements and requirements and cites many examples to illustrate each element
(20-22) Includes some of the main elements and requirements

(18-19) Does not include any of the main elements and requirements

(0-17) 25
Inquiry and Analysis
Provides in-depth analysis that demonstrates complete understanding of multiple concepts
(18-20) Provides in-depth analysis that demonstrates complete understanding of some concepts

(16-17) Provides in-depth analysis that demonstrates complete understanding of minimal concepts
(14-15) Does not provide in-depth analysis

(0-13) 20
Integration and Application All of the course concepts are correctly applied
(9-10) Most of the course concepts are correctly applied
(8) Some of the course concepts are correctly applied
(7) Does not correctly apply any of the course concepts
(0-6) 10
Critical Thinking Draws insightful conclusions that are thoroughly defended with evidence and examples
(18-20) Draws informed conclusions that are justified with evidence

(16-17) Draws logical conclusions, but does not defend with evidence
(14-15) Does not draw logical conclusions

(0-13) 20
Research Incorporates many scholarly resources effectively that reflect depth and breadth of research
(14-15) Incorporates some scholarly resources effectively that reflect depth and breadth of research

(12-13) Incorporates very few scholarly resources that reflect depth and breadth of research
(11) Does not incorporate scholarly resources that reflect depth and breadth of research

(0-10) 15
Writing
(Mechanics/Citations) No errors related to organization, grammar and style, and citations
(9-10) Minor errors related to organization, grammar and style, and citations
(8) Some errors related to organization, grammar and style, and citations
(7) Major errors related to organization, grammar and style, and citations


 

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Identify the ethical standards of the APA or ACA code specific to Janice's concerns that the counselor should follow to provide professional and ethical services.

Ethical Codes and Standards

After moving from a big city to a rural setting, Janice is suffering from anxiety and depression because of adjustments to the change. She wants to seek counseling services to help her adjust. Janice has always valued her privacy and is finding it difficult to commit to seeing a counselor in a rural setting. The community has only one mental health counselor. Janice fears that if she begins counseling sessions, people will learn that she is undergoing therapy. In addition, Janice is a devoted Catholic and is aware that the counselor is a devout Jehovah’s Witness, as is most of the community. Janice is apprehensive that the counselor might try to encourage her to convert. She is desperate to talk to someone and does not know where to turn.

  • Identify the ethical standards of the APA or ACA code specific to Janice’s concerns that the counselor should follow to provide professional and ethical services.
  • Identify specific sections of the ethical code, described in your own words, which may apply to Janice’s situation.
  • Describe, using the scenario, why ethical standards are important for client progress.
 
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Catherine Kolcaba's Comfort Theory

Foundation Nursing Critique paper

Nursing critique paper
For this project, you will select and critique a nursing theory of your choice.  You will:

  1. Write an original paper.
  2. Submit it to the dropbox for a grade based on the rubric.

The following are some conceptual models and theories you may choose from; however, you may choose any nurse theorist:

  • Florence Nightengale’s Environmental Model
  • Catherine Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory
  • Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral System Model
  • Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Process Theory
  • Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
  • Ida Jean Orlando’s Nursing Process
  • Sister Calista Roy’s Adaptation Model
  • Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
  • Jean Watson’s Nursing as Caring Theory
  • Margaret Newman’s Health Expanding Consciousness
  • Martha Roger’s Science of Unitary of Human Being
  • Abdellah’s Patient-Centered Approaches Theory

Steps to follow to do your critique:

  • You can visit the Fitne website to watch videos about the above mentioned theorist.
  • You can use the Internet to find a journal or articles that provides an analysis and critique of a theory of nursing as a resource to start working with your own critique.
  • You need to login entering the following information:
    • Username: medical center campus
    • Password: medical
    • Under the Nurse Theorists: Portraits of Excellence (Volume I) link select the theorist of your choice
    • On the left navigation area select a topic to view
  • You must use the criteria for analysis and critique of theories in Chapter 1 of the George text book.
  • You will select the link “Library Resources” found under the “NUR3846 – Library” tab (located on left-side of screen) to do your research and complete your literature review of the model/theory you selected.
  • You may physically visit the library in person as well, and ask for help from the library staff.

Your critique must have the following headings and follow APA Guidelines.

 
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