What Has Epidemiology Taught US About AIDS?

Chapter 6 Discussion – What Has Epidemiology Taught US About AIDS?

Chapter 6 Epidemiology of HIV

Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease occurrence

in populations, and the factors that affect them.

Epidemiology of HIV is The study of how HIV moves

between individuals, and its effects on populations.

Allows you to consider very large data sets to generate

statistically meaningful data.

Epidemiological studies give information about

populations, not about specific individuals.

Benefits of epidemiology

Identify new diseases

Identify populations at risk for a disease

Identify possible causative agents

Identify factors or behaviors that determine the risk for a disease, and also determine the relative importance of that factor in causing the disease

Rule out factors or behaviors as causes

Evaluate therapies

Guide the development of effective public health measures and preventative strategies

Types of epidemiological studies

1. Descriptive studies – gathers data from existing

or previous epidemics

2. Analytical studies – builds upon quantitative data

from existing or previous epidemics

Types of Descriptive studies

Descriptive studies – gathers data from existing

or previous epidemics

Look for clustering by person, place, time,

or a combination.

Case Reports/Case Report Series

Cross-sectional/Prevalence Studies

Types of Analytical studies

Analytical studies – quantitative data from existing

or previous epidemics

Experimental/Interventional Studies

Observational Studies

Analytical studies – quantitative data from existing

or previous epidemics

Correlations – studies may show different outcomes.

Possibilities:

There is no causal relationship

There is an indirect relationship

There is a direct causal relationship

What type of associations are needed to show a casual relationship?

Types of Analytical studies

Criteria for a causal relationship:

Strength of the association between the factor and

the disease. The strongest collation would be if everyone who with the factor gets the disease, and no one without the factor does. Perfect correlation is rarely achieved.

The association is consistent. The same correlation is observed in other studies under different circumstances.

The association has the correct time relationship. Exposure to the agent must occur before the onset of the disease.

The association has a biological plausibility. The association of the factor with the disease must make biological sense.

Types of Analytical studies

The following slides show examples of the type of information that can be obtained

from analytical studies using

epidemiological data

New AIDS conversions in the US by year: 1978-2010

AIDS Distribution by

Risk Group

AIDS Distribution by Ethnicity

Relative Risk of Unprotected Anal Sex

AIDS Cases by Risk Group

has changed over time

AIDS Cases by Ethnicity

has changed over time

Worldwide distribution of HIV Infection 2008-2009

 
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Identify a social, political, or cultural issue that is important to you. Be able to define, analyze, and discuss the relevance and significance of the issue in a logical and thoughtful wa

Objectives for this Project

1. Identify a social, political, or cultural issue that is important to you. Be able to define, analyze, and discuss the relevance and significance of the issue in a logical and thoughtful way.

2. Recognize how culture influences one’s worldview about issues.

3. Recognize that culture may influence people to feel, think, and behave differently.

4. Identify why and how one can be involved in addressing important issues at the local, regional, national, and global level.

5. Identify and discuss similarities and differences between groups with opposing ideologies.

6. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of psychological principles* that explain one’s own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior related to the issue.

7. Demonstrate the ability to successfully interact with someone from a different “culture.”

*For this project, you will support your views with psychological principles from at least two theoretical perspectives: social cognition; learning; motivation; emotions; perception; stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination; human development; biological; humanism; and others.

******************************************************************************

PROJECT QUESTIONS

1. Define your ingroup. What is the issue? What is your ingroup’s position on this issue? (5pts)

2. Culture of the Ingroup (40 points)

a. Define the culture of the people in your ingroup (shared beliefs, values, traditions/practices, norms).

b. How has the group’s culture shaped your attitudes, thoughts, and behavior related to this issue?

c. What contributions has this group made (to other group members, the community, the city, state, country)?

d. Why is this group important to you? What types of things do you do (actions) to demonstrate your commitment and responsibility to the issue/position?

e. Why is it important to actively engage with the group?

3. Define the Outgroup. Take the same issue, and define the specific outgroup and its culture. This section will require research on your part. (30 points) What motivates the outgroup to think, feel, and act the way that it does?

a. What is the group’s position on the issue?

b. What is the culture of the outgroup and how does it influence how its members think about the issue?

c. Why is this group important to its group members?

d. What contributions has this group made?

4. Compare and Contrast Ingroup and Outgroup (20 points)

Besides the obvious differences, why are their differences between the ingroup and outgroup? Apply what you have learned about psychology.

5. Imagine that you must spend a day with members of the outgroup you described above to address this important issue. (25 points)

a. How do you think you would feel about the encounter? Why?

b. How would you adapt your attitudes, thoughts, and behavior to demonstrate that you were willing to understand and successfully interact with members of the outgroup.

c. What Mindset would you have as you prepare for this encounter? What heart set and skill set would you need to develop and/or apply for a successful encounter (see power point in eCampus)?

6. Actual Engagement (10 points)

If you have engaged with members of the outgroup, describe the experience.

7. Intercultural Competence and Engagement with Communities: (20 points)

a. As you completed this assignment, did your thoughts and attitudes about the ingroup and/or outgroup change? If yes, how?

b. Why is it important for people to understand each other’s cultures/perspectives?

c. What have you learned from the research (and/or class discussion) that could be applied to help ingroup and outgroup members interact effectively to address this issue?

PROJECT GUIDELINES

v Your discussion should be clear, concise, and in-depth. Answers should demonstrate knowledge and understanding of your ingroup’s culture and the outgroup’s culture, and how psychological principles apply to the similarities and differences between the groups.

v Do not rush through the assignment. Take time to think carefully about a group that is important to you. Think equally carefully about the outgroup (the group that feels differently about the same issue). You can get ideas for issues with opposing sides from the following databases. Opposing Viewpoints

Points of View

SIRS Researcher

(If these links do not work, visit the MVC Library.)

v Research aspects of the outgroup: read reputable articles; visit credible websites; talk to people who belong to the outgroup.

v As you develop your report, reflect on any social or cultural barriers to interactions with members of the outgroup. According to psychological principles, why is that?

PROJECT DETAILS

Length: Answers to the questions should be as long as necessary to be complete – probably between 3-4 pages. Assignment must be typed, double-spaced, with 1” margins, 12-point font. Papers that are not typed will not be accepted. If the paper you turn in is illegible, you may forfeit all points for this assignment.

Style: The best way to approach this project is to simply answer each question as it is presented. All answers must be in complete sentences using proper grammar and spelling. If you choose to write an essay, your paragraphs should transition logically. If you have concerns about your writing skills, schedule a visit with the MVC Writing Center located in W114. This is an excellent, free resource. Appointment required.

Citations: You must have at least two (2) references to specific psychological theories to support your answers. The theories/concepts should be clearly related to your answers. Cite theory, author(s), main points, and how it supports your answer.

· Psychology uses the APA format for citations (a tutorial link is provided on eCampus).

· Do not include first names, book titles, or journal article titles in your written answers.

o For example, if you cite information from your text, do not write: “According to Sandra Ciccarelli and J. Noland White in Psychology: An Exploration…”

o Do write: According to Ciccarelli and White (2016), psychology is a fascinating discipline.

· Direct quotes should be used sparingly (no more than two for the entire project) and only when the original author’s statement is the most effective way to state a concept or finding. You should always try to put other sources’ work in your own words.

· If you use a direct quote, it should be no longer than one sentence.

· Use proper citation for the quote:

o “In any society, there will always be ingroups and outgroups, or us versus them” (Ciccarelli & White, 2016, p. 384).

o According to Ciccarelli and White, “in any society, there will always be ingroups and outgroups, or us versus them” (2016, p. 384).

o Periods go at the end of the sentence, but inside the closing punctuation, including quotation marks, if the quotation mark ends the sentence. Periods always go after the parenthesis ( ), unless the parentheses contain a full sentence. (Put periods at the end of a complete sentence within parentheses.)

· A complete list of references should be at the end of your assignment (not included as part of the 3-page minimum).

o Periods go at the end of the sentence, but inside the closing punctuation, including quotation marks, if the quotation mark ends the sentence. Periods always go after the parenthesis ( ), unless the parentheses contain a full sentence. (Put periods at the end of a complete sentence within parentheses.)

· A complete list of references should be at the end of your assignment (not included as part of the 3-page minimum).

Due Date: April 16, 2018

Two versions of the final paper are required:

1) A hard copy turned in at the beginning of class Monday, April 16, 2018

2) An electronic copy uploaded on eCampus by April 16, 2018, under the Intercultural Competence Project Tab.

3) If you turn in only the electronic or hard copy of the paper, you will forfeit 50% of your grade.

******************************************************************************

GRADING (see Rubric)

In addition to points covered on the Grading Rubric, this project will be graded using elements of the MVC Quality Enhancement Program (QEP) Writing Rubric.

Clarity: understandable, nothing is confusing
Accuracy: the information is true, correct, and can be verified. Project demonstrates accurate and knowledgeable understanding of one’s ingroup and the outgroup and the relevant issue.
Precision: includes the specific information needed to address and explain the problem, issues.
Relevance: Incorporates meaningful information and observations. Information provided relates directly to the project.
Depth: includes enough complex information to address the psychological concepts related to ingroup and outgroup dynamics.
Breadth: involves more than one point of view; considers alternative perspectives
Logic: answers/paper makes sense; nothing is confusing, no contradictions

Significance: focuses on the important aspects of the ingroup’s and outgroup’s identities, positions, beliefs, norms, (culture). respondent’s life, not the trivial
Fairness: considers the thoughts and views of others

 
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What do you feel are the biggest weaknesses of the health care plan, and why?

THE UNITED STATES PASSED LANDMARK HEALTH CARE LEGISLATION WHEN PRESIDENT OBAMAS HEALTH CARE PLAN PASSED IN THE U.S. CONGRESS.

4-6 pages APA format plagiarism free pleaseIn 2010, the United States passed landmark health care legislation when President Obamas health care plan passed in the U.S. Congress. However, despite its promise to provide health care coverage for a number of groups previously unable to obtain coverage, many Americans are dissatisfied with the components of the plan.Thinking in terms of the administrator and third-party payer perspectives, answer the following:What do you feel are the biggest weaknesses of the health care plan, and why?Be sure to provide 23 weaknesses for each group (i.e. providers and patients), and explain your rationale for choosing each by supporting your thoughts with properly cited references.Please visit the Health Reform Web site for more information on the latest health care policy reforms.

 
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How would you interpret the differences between exams, and note the range, means, and standard deviations over time?

 
Create 1-slide presentation, including detailed SPEAKER NOTES, on the effect of ethical reasoning and decision making. Include the following:

  • What ethical traits, concepts, and principles are presented in this article?
  • How was the chosen ethical issue an example of poor ethical decision making?
  • What ethical reasoning strategies could have helped in this situation?

Format your presentation according to appropriate course-level APA guidelines:

  • Include in-text citations on any body slides that require them, revealing outside source information.
  • Make the last slide the references slide.During the course of a semester, 10 students in Mr. Smith’s class took three exams. Use Microsoft® Excel® to compute all the descriptive statistics for the following set of three test scores over the course of a semester. Which test had the highest average score? Which test had the smallest amount of variability? How would you interpret the differences between exams, and note the range, means, and standard deviations over time?
    Answer the questions below. Be specific and provide examples when relevant.
    Cite any sources consistent with APA guidelines.

    Question Answer
    What are statistics and how are they used in the behavioral sciences? Your answer should be 100 to 175 words.
    Providing examples of each, compare and contrast the four levels of measurement. Your answer should be 175 to 350 words.
    Differentiate between descriptive and inferential statistics. What information do they provide? What are their similarities and differences? Your answer should be 175 to 350 word
 
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Explain the importance of strategic leadership and methods to a health care organization.Describe effective communication strategies a leader may choose to employ when communicating the strategic vision of the organization to key stakeholders.

Explain the importance of strategic leadership and methods to a health care organization.Describe effective communication strategies a leader may choose to employ when communicating the strategic vision of the organization to key stakeholders.

Describe methods a leader may use to align the mission, vision, and goals of individual stakeholders to the mission, vision, goals, and objectives of the organization.
Describe effective communication strategies a leader may choose to employ when communicating the strategic vision of the organization to key stakeholders.
Explain why leaders must align the organizational culture with the internal and external environments. How can leaders accomplish that?
Describe ways an organization can use financial forecasts to guide organizational leadership.
APA format
5-6 pages
3-5 resources


 

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What evidence is there to support that the current quality and safety initiatives will transform nursing education?

What evidence is there to support that the current quality and safety initiatives will transform nursing education?

 

What evidence is there to support that the current quality and safety initiatives will transform nursing education or leadership in the future, thus improving the quality of healthcare?

What evidence is there to support that the current quality and safety initiatives will transform nursing education or leadership in the future, thus improving the quality of healthcare? Use at least 1 reference from outside the readings


 

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Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question descriptionI am looking for an essay that meets these instructions on Sickle cell anemia for nursing bach level course

  1. Professional Practice & Roles: Advocacy, Teaching, Researcher
  2. Ethical & Legal Concepts: ANA Standards, Screening & Treatment Options, Counseling
  3. Clinical Nursing Practice: ANA Competencies, Healthcare Settings, Management of Care
  1. Nursing Research
  1. Search on the APUS Library Databases and find at least four (4) peer-reviewed nursing research articles related to your topic (Two (2) articles on pathology of the disease, One (1) article on genetic component of the disease, and One (1) on pharmacogenomics or personalized medicine for treatment).
  2. Articles must be peer reviewed and published within the last 5 years
  3. You must find articles that are not included in the Required or Recommended readings for this course
  4. Summarize relevant content from the articles to be presented.
  1. Explore the topic based on the following:
  1. Your research articles (you must analyze and discuss the articles and any other peer reviewed resources based on your chosen topic).
  2. Experiences from course threaded discussions, case studies, and clinical practice
    1. Be sure to note to keep patient confidentiality when giving specific examples
  3. Paper Length and format using APA:
    1. 7-10 pages in length, not including title and reference pages
    2. APA format (Students will submit via TurnitIn for originality)
      1. Include the following:
        1. Title Page
        2. Introduction- what is the disease, its prevalence?
        3. Literature Review of the four (4) articles- what is the genetic basis, the patho, current pharmacological treatments?
        4. Discussion – provide discussion here linked to the competencies above. What does this mean for the nurse caring for this patient in terms of ethics, research, and the role of the nurse as caregiver, educator and manager of care?
        5. Conclusion and Recommendations
        6. Reference Page
  4. The paper will be graded using the Writing Rubric (attached)
  5. Paper is due by Day 7 of Week 7 @11:55 PM EST
 
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Describe the similarities and differences between staffing for a stand-alone behavioral healthcare facility

Describe the similarities and differences between staffing for a stand-alone behavioral healthcare facility

Describe the similarities and differences between staffing for a stand-alone behavioral healthcare facility and a behavioral healthcare unit that is a part of a larger healthcare system. What are the reasons for these differences? Does behavioral healthcare have unique staffing needs or is it similar to the staffing needs of a hospital in general? Why or why not? How does a primary care physician integrate the need for further behavioral health services such as referring to a psychiatrist or psychologist for therapy or counseling?
July 27, 2016 no comments
Healthcare services

There are different types of behavioral healthcare facilities. Some are stand-alone facilities while others are part of a larger healthcare system. Many larger healthcare systems include a department or behavioral health unit as part of their comprehensive set of services. In these large healthcare systems, there is integration and sharing of services at all levels.

Describe the similarities and differences between staffing for a stand-alone behavioral healthcare facility and a behavioral healthcare unit that is a part of a larger healthcare system. What are the reasons for these differences? Does behavioral healthcare have unique staffing needs or is it similar to the staffing needs of a hospital in general? Why or why not?

Provide specific examples of both types of healthcare facilities. You may also refer to information shared on the Internet. Which healthcare system among these two would you prefer more and why? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.

Referral Process in Behavioral Healthcare Services

Behavioral healthcare, like most healthcare services, has seen a change in focus from a didactic relationship between the physician and the patient to that of a group effort involving an interdisciplinary team of professionals as well as active participation by the consumer.

The team concept stems from several factors but mainly from the comorbidity of diseases and conditions. In most instances, the consumer is not just faced with mental illness but psychosocial issues such as family and work challenges, as well as other medical issues such as addictions and overall poor health. This is when a team operating in a disease management capacity is the best course of action, especially for individuals with persistent mental illness and comorbidity.


 

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Personal Growth & Development, health and medical assignment help

Personal Growth & Development, health and medical assignment help


Question description

  1. conclusion; You will bring closure to your project by completing you Conclusion Section. One paragraph sharing that you have completed and reached your goal within the content of the Capstone Project.
  2. The Appendix section should reflect any supporting documents, graphs, data statistics referenced within the body of your Capstone Project. (one page}
  3. The Personal Growth & Development is a separate document where you will discuss further upgrades to your knowledge, skills, and insights to insure your contribution to a healthcare organization’s success, sustainability, and significance. This document will allow you to reflect on lessons learned and how you have grown in your academic and personal growth during this project (one page)
 
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Describe the theorists background in detail and discuss how their experiences have impacted the theory development.

Describe specifically how you can use this theory in your area of nursing (Practice Education Informatics or Administration).
Nursing Theory Analysis Paper

Order Description

Instruction:

My choice of Middle-Range Theory for this paper that is appropriate to my Psychiatric nursing practice is Hildegard Peplau?s Interpersonal relations. This theorist has contributed greatly into the psychiatric field and is my choice for this project. I have previously written about her and attached for you which you can use it and should help you with this paper. I also gave you three articles that will help you with this paper. You can add more recent articles with in the last 5 years and appropriately cite them with in the paper. Please follow the instructions bellow and write the paper according to the way it has been broken down to.Thanks.Barker P. 1998. The future of the theory of Interpersonal Relations? A personal reflection on Peplau?s legacy. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 5 213-220.Callaway B.J. 2000. Hildegard Peplau: Psychiatric Nurse of the Century. New York NY: Springer Publishing Company.Peplau H.E. 2004. Interpersonal Relations in Nursing: A Conceptual Frame of Reference for Psychodynamic Nursing. New York NY: Springer Publishing CompanyAssignment

2: Nursing Theory Analysis PaperOverview/Description:The purpose of this assignment is to describe evaluate and discuss application of a nursing grand or mid-range theory. This assignment also provides the learner an opportunity to connect theory and research to nursing phenomena. Learners will develop an 8 page paper (excluding the title page and references) using APA style to address the elements listed below.Theory/Author Name and Background1. Select a Grand or Mid-Range Theory that is appropriate to your practice setting.

2. Describe the theorists background in detail and discuss how their experiences have impacted the theory development.

3. Examine crucial references for the original and/or current work of the theorist and other authors writing about the selected theory

4. Identify the phenomenon of concern or problems addressed by the theory.Theory Description

1. Explain whether the theory uses deductive inductive or retroductive reasoning. Provide evidence to support your conclusion.

2. Describe the major concepts of the theory. ? How are they defined? (theoretically and/or operationally) Is the author consistent in the use of the concepts and other terms in the theory?

3. Interpret how the concepts are defined. ? Implicitly or explicitly?4. Examine the relationships (propositions) among the major concepts.

Evaluation

1. Identify explicit and implicit assumptions (values/beliefs) underlying the theory. On what assumptions does the theory build?

2. Examine if the theory has a description of the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm. If so how are they explained in the theory? If the metaparadigm is not explained what elements do you see as relevant to the theory and why?

3. Discuss the clarity of the theory. ? Did it have lucidness and consistency?Application1. Examine how the theory would guide nursing actions.

. Describe specifically how you can use this theory in your area of nursing (Practice Education Informatics or Administration).

 
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