The Final Essay Examination will cover the material we have studied in Modules 5 – 8

 
The Final Essay Examination will cover the material we have studied in Modules 5 – 8. You will need to choose four of the six essay questions to answer. Each question requires a three to five paragraph (250 – 500 word) response, using the correct vocabulary related to the topic. Your answers need to be supported with  appropriate sources such as peer-reviewed (professional) journal articles. Do NOT use wikipedia or other encyclopedias, dictionaries or online sources such as Ask.com. Be sure to us APA style citations to show where sources were used in your response. For sources other than the textbook, please list them as references at the end in APA format. For maximum points, make sure your work is written using your own words.
For your final exam submission, please respond to four of the following questions:

  1. You are the commissioner of a state lottery system that sponsors daily and weekly drawings. Lottery tickets have not been selling well over the past few months. Describe at least two ways you could take advantage of people’s use of the availability heuristic to boost sales. Explain why you would judge your tactics to be fair or unfair to your customers.
  2. Imagine you have a friend who just last month adopted a set of siblings, a thirteen-month-old and a four-year-old, from an orphanage in a developing country. The orphanage was not a stimulating environment and the four-year-old can only speak a few words in her native language. The thirteen-month-olddoes not seem to speak words in either her native language or in English. Both children appear physically healthy and have started to adjust quite well, emotionally, but your friend is concerned about their language development. Discuss whether their language development is typical of children their age and theextent to which each child can be expected to learn English fairlywell in the next couple of years.
  3. Latisha’s history teacher asked her why so many German people complied with Hitler’s orders to systematically slaughter millions of innocent Jews and others. Latisha suggested that the atrocities were committed because the Germans had become unusually cruel, sadistic people with abnormal twisted personalities. Use your knowledge of the fundamental attribution error to highlight the weaknesses of Latisha’s reasoning and then propose an alternative explanation.
  4. Abraham Maslow suggested that “a person who is lacking food, love, and self-esteem would most likely hunger for food more strongly than anything else.” Conversely, the novelist Dostoyevski wrote, “without a firm idea of himself and the purpose of his life, man cannot live even if surrounded with bread.” What evidence from the field of psychology might support each statement.
  5. Andy, a high school sophomore, lacks self-discipline, fails to plan ahead, and is excessively anxious. He is quickly frustrated by challenging tasks and frequently becomes overly critical of others. Use the psychoanalytic, humanistic, and social-cognitive perspectives to give three contrasting explanations of Andy’s behavior.
  6. Geraldo, a second-year college student, is so fearful of medical procedures that he has avoided routine dental checkups for over three years. He has recently decided to seek help in overcoming his fear. Compare and contrast (what are the similarities and differences) the methods that would be used by (a) a behavior therapist and (b) a psychoanalytic therapist.
 
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Promoting Health Care Quality

Project: Promoting Health Care Quality  Section 3:    

Quality Measurement and Assessment  Measuring and assessing quality provides a foundation for identifying needs for improvement, developing effective interventions, and then monitoring progress toward desired results.   In the Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, and Shabot text, the authors assert that an effort to improve quality “calls for setting outcome and performance targets (goals and expectations) beginning with the end in mind, and then formulating initiatives and actions (processes) that can serve as a bridge to take the organization from its current performance to its desired performance” (p. 182).   Having this “end in mind” can provide justification for dedicating valuable resources toward the effort, and help to lay a clear, concrete path that takes the organization from uncovering gaps between current performance and evidence-based targets to actually achieving those goals.  In this section of the Course Project, you focus on what you would measure—and how you would measure it—relative to your previously identified quality improvement issue. Note: This section of the Course Project will serve as the Portfolio Assignment for this course.       Course Project: Section 3: Quality Measurement and Assessment: write a 3-5 page paper to introduce your quality improvement plan. For more details on this project, see the Week 7 Project area for specifics to include for this paper.     I have attached my paper from week 4 for the continuation of the project.     To prepare: •Review the Learning Resources. Also conduct a search of the literature related to your selected quality improvement issue and complete the Evidence Matrix (provided in this week’s Learning Resources).   •Evaluate the evidence presented in the research literature and the quality standards proposed by various organizations, including the IOM’s six aims for quality improvement.   •Based on this review and your knowledge of the organization that you have selected, determine appropriate measures and indicators of performance related to your identified quality improvement issue.   •Consider how you could gather and use historical evidence of the organization’s performance related to the quality improvement issue. Also consider methods for gathering and assessing current quantitative and qualitative data, including those currently in use by the organization (e.g., chart audit data, staff surveys, quality indicators that are monitored, observations). If possible, examine actual data to assess your selected organization’s performance related to the issue.   •Think about what, specifically, you would like to achieve related to this issue. Establish realistic, evidence-based quality performance targets.   •Analyze gap(s) between the organization’s current performance and the performance targets.   •As you do this, you may wish to create a graphic organizer/alignment chart for your own use that illustrates:   •The measures and indicators that you would evaluate   •Current and historical data related to this quality issue—either actual data or methods for how you would collect and analyze the data   •Methods for collecting and analyzing data in the future (including when you would do this)   •Realistic, evidence-based targets

 
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Have the authors done a good job addressing the really key issues and concerns?

Answer all of the following questions using headers to separate topics.Attack or defend the following statement and then explain what you would do, in concrete terms, to improve things in your involve

Answer all of the following questions using headers to separate topics.

  1. Attack or defend the following statement and then explain what you would do, in concrete terms, to improve things in your involvement or what you have observed. “It seems that the people behind the new computerized systems perceive that the people who work here and the roles they play are to make the computer’s job easier as opposed to the systems being here to help transform average healthcare workers into super workers.”
  1. It has been argued that getting nursing involved in the implementation of all of the computer systems in healthcare is a good thing, but doing that is in conflict with current patient care and the reality that many nurses are uncomfortable with some of the changes they see and would rather not be involved. To what extend does this resonate with your personal experience? What do you believe are the key prerequisites that must be addressed before enough of the right nurses and other key role players in the healthcare process and what concrete steps would you recommend to address these and why?
  1. Chapter 5 in the text provides a perspective for implementing Clinical Information Systems. From your experience, what are the more critical issues or concerns you have with the material presented in this chapter and what would you advocate should be done to improve the likelihood that such projects would be successful. (You can address technical issues, skill issues, change and fear issues, as well as business and/or leadership issues.)
  1. Chapter 6 focuses on the Electronic Medical Records and physician adoption and utilization. Reflect on your experiences with physicians and other key, scarce, and therefore costly healthcare professionals. How well do you believe these professionals would react to the kinds of changes and approaches covered in the chapter. Have the authors done a good job addressing the really key issues and concerns? If not what did they miss? To what extend do you believe what is advocated would work in your environment or healthcare facilities with which you are familiar? Sketch what you might propose be done differently, if anything.
 
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Physician-Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized

Physician-Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized

Abstract

Reported cases of suicide because of terminal illnesses have been on the rise. At present, several terminal diseases plague our community. Key among these terminal diseases includes cancer and diabetes (Appel, 2004). Adult patients have always considered the option of terminating their lives to avert the suffering that comes with the disease. Some of the methods used by patients in performing suicide are either personally initiated or physician-assisted suicides. In all cases and laws according to most constitutions, it is against the law to terminate the life of a human being no matter the circumstances. Additionally, such conditions are extremely medically expensive to attend because they use sophisticated hospital equipment. Thus, both family and the patient suffer financial and physical torment before the patient dies. In such cases, if a willing adult patient is convinced that early death will go a long way in averting these problems, then such a decision will be best implemented by a physician. On the other hand, opponents of physician-assisted suicide argue that the constitution recognizes the sanctity of life; therefore, no one has the right to end the life of another person. They also argue that the times shared between the patient and family is treasured and cannot be taken away (Buiting, 2009). The debate surrounding the legalization of physician-assisted suicide has been raging on for several decades now. This research paper analyses the meaning of physician-assisted suicide and its implications. It also looks into the practicality of the process and arguments supporting its legality. This paper will prove that physician assisted suicide should be legalized to allow terminally ill patient manage their own fate. The paper has identified various arguments that can be used to legalize physician-assisted suicide including preservation of life, legal stances in support of physician-assisted suicide, honesty for proper legislation and utilitarian argument. In addition, the paper advocates for dignity in death and autonomy of the patient to engage in physician-assisted suicide.

Definition of Physician- Assisted Suicide

Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) is a case in which a qualified medical practitioner provides a competent terminally ill patient with a lethal dose of medication under the directive of the patient. In this case, the patient has expressly made the decision to end his/her own life due to the terminal disease (Breitbart, 2000). This is in contrast with the most common version of suicide referred to as ‘auto-killing’ or ‘self-killing’ in which a patient uses own means to take own life. Physician-assisted suicide is not a new trend in the United States; sufferings have always been present since the inception of medicine. Appel (2004) affirms that 57 percent of medical practitioners have received patient requests to engage in assisted life-ending acts. Legalization of physician-assisted suicide is a contentious subject, even when applied in cases of terminal illness. Some medical experts argue that terminal diseases expose patients to long years of pain and suffering before they eventually die, which is not avertable (Breitbart, 2000).

Implicit in the term suicide, is that life has been prematurely ended due to desperation and hopelessness. However, in most cases, Pearlman & Hsu (2005) argue that suicide is mostly performed under unstable mental conditions of the patient; therefore, any form of suicide must be stopped due to ethical reasons. In general, the medical fraternity assumes that persons who exhibit suicidal characteristics have their decision-making capacity compromised. As a result, physicians have the ethical responsibility of providing life-sustaining medications and therapy (Seale, 2009).

However, professional organizations and other bodies have differed when it comes to terminally ill patient and the ethical concerns pertaining to assisted suicide. Terminally ill patients exhibit normal character and are of sound mind when making such a life threatening decision (Burg, 1997). Several states and countries have not been able to reach a final verdict on the issue While several states argue that any form of suicide is illegal, other nations such as Germany argue that every person has the right to end owns life and thus assisted suicide is considered legal (Breitbart, 2000).

Three states in the United States have legalized physician-assisted suicide. They include the States of Oregon, Washington and Montana. Oregon was the first state to make legal physician-assisted dying through a general election in 1994 (Pearlman & Hsu, 2005). The Act, referred to as Death with Dignity Act legalized the process of physician-assisted suicide, but under strict conditions. Likewise, the state of Washington passed a similar Act legalizing physician-assisted dying with the same strict conditions. However, in the case of Montana, a Supreme Court ruling provided a precedence that allows physician-assisted dying.

According to Pearlman & Hsu, (2005), the Acts and the landmark ruling of the Supreme Court of Montana implied that ending life is not constitutional; therefore, for the sake of legality in the physician assisted killing, several conditions must be met. The first condition is that the patient should be mentally eligible to make such a decision. Secondly, the patient must be prescribed with a terminally ill condition resulting in a life expectancy of six months or less. Such a patient must also provide the request for terminating own life in writing for the physician. Finally, the patient should also be a resident of the said state and of adult age, 18 years and above (Breitbart, 2000).

Physicians have the responsibility of ascertaining that the patient appreciates those relevant facts after the physician explains all the relevant aspects of the procedure. Such facts should include the medical diagnosis and prognosis of the condition of the patient. The patient should also understand the risk of the taking medication due to terminal illness. Physicians are also expected to explain to the patient other alternative means of care such as comfort care, hospice care and other pain relieving medications. After all these, the Act allows the patient to make the ultimate decision about the direction to take (Hayden, 1999).

All these acts are quite clear and precise in terms of all the steps necessary before any assisted suicide is performed. In fact, these Acts are keen to ensure that the physician does not perform any procedure if due process is not followed (Appel, 2004). However, just like any other life concerning legislation, these Acts attracted a lot of controversy. Medical experts have expressed ethical reasons why physician-assisted suicide should not be legalized. Legal experts also argue that physician-assisted suicide contravenes provisions of the constitution. However, I will argue that physician-assisted suicide is ethically acceptable and that the legal provisions of the constitution are not breeched.

Ethical Arguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide

1. Autonomy of the Patient

The main argument in support of physician-assisted Suicide is that every capable human being has the right to make a decision on the manner in which to live life. That autonomy should also be extended to persons suffering from terminal conditions in order to control the timing and the manner of death they wish to face (Buiting, 2009). Every person has the option to live a quality life, and avert any suffering and pain; therefore, they should be allowed to do so in a dignified manner. Thus, terminally ill patients should be allowed to die in dignity without the need to face any anguish. As a result, this autonomy must not be taken away from them.

Proponents of physician-assisted suicide further argue that the sanctity of life is dramatically reduced when an individual is diagnosed with a terminal disease (Pearlman & Hsu, 2005). Such a life will be characterized by endless visits to the hospital and long hours of medical treatment and surgeries. The life of the patient will be reduced to a bed ridden life facing sympathies from friends and family. This anguish and pain is not worth going through while the end of the journey is certain, death (Breitbart, 2000).

However, several scholars have argued that any person suffering for a terminal disease is not in a position to make a rational decision reading his life. Thus, it is not in good argument to say that the patient is competent and of sound mind in demanding physician-assisted suicide. To counter this argument, it is safe to say that a majority of terminally ill patients are senior citizens of the society. Therefore, death is not a matter of concern as they have lived the entire lives to the fullest. Such persons are said to make competent and rational decisions even when life is in danger. Therefore, no one is in a position to decide the manner in which a person lives life or ends it for that purpose (Breitbart, 2000).

2. Dignity in Death

Terminal conditions have the tendency of reducing able individuals from strong, versatile and respected persons to frail suffering individuals who depend on others for food, personal hygiene and other dehumanizing aspects of life. Terminally ill patients also suffer mental deterioration declining vision, mobility and hearing capabilities. This worsening state of life has to be witnessed by close friends and family. Thus, when the patient eventually dies, the only memories left with the family are the sorry state of their loved one who died a sorry death. Proponents of physician-assisted suicide assert that a person who has lived a dignified life should not be left to die in such a sorry state.

Additionally, Pearlman & Hsu (2005) illustrate that terminally ill patients are susceptible to depressions. In fact, nearly one third of all terminally ill patients suffer depression and other emotional associated problems such as stress. Therefore, these patients are known to resort to self-suicides, which are usually carried out in a crude and disturbing manner. To avoid such undignified manner of death, physician-assisted suicide for terminally ill patients ought to be legalized.

3. Utilitarian Argument

It has been argued that the benefits gained from Physician assisted suicide are more than the cost involved. In general, the benefits gained from assisted suicide include a dignified death, the patient is able to control the manner and timing of death and the patient averts immense pain and suffering. As a result, the patient is able to manage the final days of life and be in a good position to do his final acts. Moreover, the economics of treating a terminally ill patient is normally at an astronomical cost, and the problem is that the patient will eventually die. According to (Breitbart, 2000), this is not economical and other means of saving cost with dignity preserved may be considered. On the other hand, the cost involved in ending a patient’s life is mainly the feeling of guilt and the pressure that comes with killing a patient. Some family members or caregivers may have pressured the physician to end the life of the patient, thus this may not rest well with the physician.

When comparing the costs and benefits of physician-assisted suicide, it is acceptable to say that the benefits far outweigh the costs. In order to mitigate the emotional cost and stress to the practicing physician, proper legislation guidelines, education and counseling would help physician overcome emotional problems associated with the procedure.

Such cost/benefit analysis has been used in past to make economical decision. However, using the same idea in making life concerning decision always creates controversy. John Stuart Mill, a renowned philosopher, proposed the idea of thorough decision-making by reducing all matter to make economic sense and resolute decisions (Pearlman & Hsu, 2005). In his assertion, an act is justifiable for good decision if the condition allow for equitable cost benefit analysis. Such decision attains the goals of bringing the greatest happiness to people and the society.

4. Honesty for Proper Legislation

Some experts and medical practitioners acknowledge that physician-suicide is widely practiced in the United States albeit in secret (Seale, 2009). The illegality of the practice puts any discussion of the issue in disarray and thus several legislative arms of leadership avoid the topic in totality. Legalizing the procedure would bring patients and physician to a common debate on the matter.

Furthermore, legislation of physician-assisted suicide would bring forth public awareness and direction on how to handle physician-assisted suicide. It would also improve the national outlook in the manner which citizens view the dignity of life. According to Burg (1997), a life full of anguish and pain with no better is not worth living. Even though such a life is not worth living, it should be ended in dignity and respect.

5. Legal Stances in Support of Physician-Assisted Suicide

The matter of physician-assisted suicide has been discussed and debated upon in the legal domain in the United States of America. Several courts and other judicial bodies have heard cases regarding physician-assisted suicide; however, the outcomes have been quite varied. One such a debate has been on the Liberty Interest of the individual on the manner and time that a competent terminally ill patient may choose to end life (Hayden, 1999).

The United States Supreme Court and the Ninth Circuit have also expressed their opinions with regard to the same matter. The Ninth Circuit has expressed its view on the matter admitting that the personal dignity and autonomy is central to the every individual in the society (Pearlman & Hsu, 2005). That one should be able to make a decision on how to live life. The court further appreciates that a terminally ill adult who has lived life to the fullest has a strong liberty in deciding how to end life on earth. From this viewpoint, any respected person of the society who does not wish to live the twilight days of his life in a childlike state of helplessness and despair has the liberty of making a decision to terminate his/her life.

The Ninth Court, in expressing its opinion, looked to precedence in the United State Supreme Court in the 1990 cases of Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health in which the court held that a person had the right to refuse any life prolonging medication (Seale, 2009). In a separate case, the Supreme Court also held that a person has the right to determine the meaning and existence of life. These cases point to the idea that in as much as a court may value the sanctity of life, it is beyond the court to determine the course of an individual personal decision. It is also upon the court to respect the personal decision of sound competent persons with regard to their state of life.

6. Preservation of Life

The Ninth Circuit has expressed an opinion as to the responsibility of the court to preserve life. While the courts and other state organs have a responsibility of preserving life, such need is drastically diminished in cases where the patient is terminally ill without any slight hope for cure (Burg, 1997). In its opinion, the court is not in a compelling position to force a person who cannot pursue happiness to continue living.

In general, courts are at a hard place when it comes making ruling in cases involving terminally ill patients. While the constitution requires that every life be preserved, it is not in good ideals that a man should live his last days in embarrassment and pain. Courts have simply provided direction on how to look at the matter physician-assisted suicide but do not commit directly to give an asserting precedence.

Conclusion

Terminally ill patients face a huge predicament in how to live their last days. While some are willing to brave nature and face a slow death, others wish for faster and less painful methods. Physicians may assist such persons to end their lives by administering life-ending medication to these patients.

There are many ethical reasons that are opposed to any physician-assisted suicides. Similarly, there are several ethical reasons that support this procedure. Some of these ethical reasons include liberty interest, dignity in death, cost benefit analysis and proper legislation to guide the already prevalent practices. Additionally courts have not expressly decided that it is illegal simply providing guidelines on the matter. In conclusion, legalizing physician-assisted suicide will go far in maintaining the dignity of the patient and other ethical aspects as discussed in this paper. In support for the legalization of physician-assisted suicide, the paper has argued for the preservation of life, legal stances in support of physician-assisted suicide, honesty for proper legislation and utilitarian argument. In addition, the paper has advocated for dignity in death and autonomy of the patient to engage in physician-assisted suicide.

References

Appel, J. (2004). A Duty to Kill? A Duty to Die? Rethinking the Euthanasia Controversy of 1906. Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 78 (3), 610-634.

Breitbart, W. (2000). Depression, Hopelessness, and Desire for Hastened Death in Terminally Ill Patients with Cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(22), 2907-2911.

Buiting, H. (2009). Reporting of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide in the Netherlands: Descriptive Study. BMC Medical Ethics , 102.

Burg, W. (1997). The Slippery-Slope Argument. Journal of Clinical Ethics , 256-268.

Hayden, L. (1999). Helping Patients with End-Of-Life Decisions. The American Journal of Nursing, 99.

Pearlman, A., & Hsu, C. (2005). Motivations for Physician-Assisted Suicide. J Gen Intern Med , 20 (3), 234-239.

Seale, C. (2009). Legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide: Survey of Doctors’ Attitudes. Palliat Med , 25 (3), 205-212.

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Bioterrorism/Disaster -disaster preparedness, signs/symptoms of common biological agents

ASSIGNMENT @4

Hi, I just need to complete PowerPoint that is  been has  already started by another classmate, I Do Not Need Paper, .You must be guided by the data I send below.It is very important do not  forget the Speaker Notes  that should  appears bellow each slide and in the last slide put the References. Thank you.
Within your group, create a PowerPoint Presentation of 15-20 slides (slide count does not include title and reference slide) describing the chosen community interest.
Include the following in your presentation:

  1. Summary of Community Assessment.
  2. Summary of Interview with Community Health/Public Health Provider.
  3. A Conclusion summarizing your key findings and a discussion of your impressions of the General Health of the Community.

APA format is required for essays only. Solid academic writing is always expected. For all assignment delivery options, documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

QUESTION
JUN 25, 2017

teaching presentation work plan proposal

Select one of the following as the focus for the teaching plan:

  1. Bioterrorism/Disaster –disaster preparedness, signs/symptoms of common biological agents
  2. Environmental Issues (earthquakes, flooding, sun exposure/heat stroke

Complete the “Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal.” This will help you organize your plan and create an outline for the written assignment.

  1. After completing the teaching proposal, review the teaching plan with a community health and public health provider in your local community.
  2. Request feedback (strengths and opportunities for improvement) from the provider.
  3. Complete the “Community Teaching Experience” form.

Note: This is an individual assignment. Prepare a presentation to accompany the teaching plan and present the information to your community. Select one of the following options for delivery of the presentation:

  1. PowerPoint presentation – no more than 30 minutes 10-12 slides
  2. Pamphlet presentation – 1 to 2 pages
  3. Poster presentation

Target audience is age rance 20-30 new graduate nurses and their families:

  • University/School health center

include the “Community Teaching Experience Form” as part of your assignment submission.
APA format is required for essays only. Solid academic writing is always expected. For all assignment delivery options, documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
3-5 references.

 
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Analyze the role technology will play in the health care industry in the coming decade

ANALYZE THE ROLE TECHNOLOGY WILL PLAY IN THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY IN THE COMING DECADE.

Health Care Industry Paper

The health care industry has evolved over the last decade.  The health care market has been impacted by changes in technology as well as the financial and economic evolution of the industry.  Imagine you have been given the opportunity to participate in a health care seminar as a guest speaker.  You have been asked to discuss the evolution of the health care industry from a technology, finance, and economic perspective.

Write a 1050- to 1400-word paper discussing the past, present, and future of the health care industry in relation to technology, finance, and economics.  Your paper should address each of the following:

Past

  • Analyze how the health care industry has changed in the last 10 years.
  • Analyze how the use of technology has changed within the health care industry in the last 10 years.
  • Analyze how finance and economics has impacted the healthcare industry in the last 10 years.
  • Analyze financial and economic tools and methods used to address issues in the health care industry in the last 10 years.
  • Analyze how payment sources and mechanisms used in the health care industry have changed in the last 10 years.

Present

  • Analyze the role technology plays in health care organizations today.
  • Analyze the current state of the health care industry.
  • Analyze financial and economic tools and methods being used in the health care industry today.
  • Analyze current payment sources and mechanisms used in the health care industry today.

Future

  • Analyze the role technology will play in the health care industry in the coming decade.
  • Analyze the financial and economic issues the health care industry will encounter the next 10 years.
  • Analyze if the financial and economic tools and methods currently being used in the health care industry will be effective in the coming decade.
  • Analyze if the payment sources and mechanism currently being used in the health care industry will be effective in the next 10 years.
  • Analyze what you think will be the biggest changes in the health care industry in the next 10 years.

Include at least three references.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

 
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Chapter 23 – ASSIGNMENT

Chapter 23 – ASSIGNMENT


Question description

CHAPTER 23 – ASSIGNMENT

Instructions:

  1. Read the Care Redesign Article
  2. Answer the following questions:
    1. Which four (4) components does the article point out are needed for the U.S. healthcare system to succeed?
    2. The one recommendation form the ten cited in the Institute of Medicine Report to improve quality and reduce cost that is described in the article?
    3. A recent factor to be identified of reducing cost is?
    4. Name four (4) factors that influence patient outcomes described in the article.
    5. Name the four (4) different nursing care delivery models and give a short description of each.
    6. What is the meaning of the term “lean” as described in the article.
    7. Summarize the method utilized in the study to offer a higher-quality and lower cost method for acute care in just a few sentences.
  3. Your paper should be:
    • Typed according to APA style for margins, formatting and spacing standards.
    • Typed into a Microsoft Word document, save the file, and then upload the file
 
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Discuss the historic and cross-cultural perspectives of    psychopathology that could potential impact the diagnosis and    treatment of Tina.

Review the diagnostic criteria on pages 99-100; 160-161; 561-562 of  the DSM-5.
A counselor’s own perception of psychopathology is extremely  important in the diagnostic process.
Using the case study of “Tina”, write a 500-750 word essay  in which you examine your thought process about her presenting issues.  Include the following in your paper:

  1. Discuss the historic and cross-cultural perspectives of    psychopathology that could potential impact the diagnosis and    treatment of Tina.
  2. After reviewing the several diagnoses    that could pertain to Tina from the latest version of the DSM, what    is your diagnostic impression?
  3. Substantiate your diagnostic    impression with appropriate criteria from the current version of the  DSM.
  4. Discuss how historic misconceptions of psychopathology    could potentially impact the treatment of this client. As part of    this discussion, you may include a diagnosis, any referrals that you    would make, and a general course of treatment.
  5. Include at    least five scholarly references in addition to the textbook in    your paper.

Case Study: Tina Tina is a 17-year-old Navajo female who is brought into a counselor’s office for symptoms of depression; her family has noticed that she is more withdrawn than usual and she is often observed crying and talking to herself. Through the intake interview, the counselor learns that Tina hears voices daily that command her to perform certain acts of hygiene (showering, combing her hair, etc.). She further reveals that she believes these voices to be the result of witchcraft that her boyfriend is using to control her. Tina also states that she has used methamphetamines heavily for the past several months. She and her mother ask the counselor to work with Tina for the depression, but claim that they wish to see a medicine man for hearing voices. Where does the counselor begin with this client? Tina is clearly demonstrating symptoms of psychoses, yet it is difficult to determine what has caused them. Is she experiencing a severe depressive episode with psychotic features? Have the voices been induced by excessive drug use? Alternatively, should the counselor take into account the cultural acceptance of witchcraft and let the medicine man exclusively treat Tina? This case study is but one example of the way different cultures deviate in concept of mental illness as it presents itself in the counselor’s office. Viewing clients as devoid of their cultural backgrounds because notions of health and wellness differ greatly by who is defining them are unethical and unwise. In order to be as receptive as possible to a client’s position, counselors must constantly deconstruct and be aware of their own beliefs regarding psychopathology. This process of exploring a belief system has been given many names, one of which is social constructionism (Lemma, 2011). Social constructionism is the concept that reality is formed and defined by the individual experience of it; the perceptions of any given society are constantly in flux as trends and knowledge shifts. As such, the concept of psychology changes to meet the needs of each given culture. Ruder & Guterman (2007) state that “social constructionism is, itself, a social construction that is always changing and subject to reconstruction” (p. 387).
References   Rudes, J. & Guterman, J. (2007). The value of social constructionism for the counseling profession: A reply to Hansen. Journal of Counseling & Development,85(4), 387-392
 

 
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Specifically how do moods and emotions affect organizational behavior at SHAR?

 
Interview with Dean Vaught
 
1. How long have you been with SHAR? Was with SHAR 8 years before taking time off to get my Masters Degree. Back again for 15 years
 
2. How long have you been in your current position? 15 years this time.
 
3. What was your previous place of employment? Worked as in management working with an EAP doing both phone and in-person counseling. For employee related problems as well as home life as these often flow into daily work life. Who a person is and the impact they have flows into the job. Once they leave home they do not leave problems there. Attendance problems are often due to home life (home, childcare, and eldercare, etc.)
 
4. What is your educational background? University of Michigan Masters in Social Work Administration Received in 1989, Has credentials and certifications in supervisory responsibility, addiction counseling, stress management
 
5. How long have you dealt directly with substance abuse and mental health clients? Since 1980, even before he had his masters he was working in substance abuse.
 
6. Do you think that both moods and emotions affect operations at SHAR? Yes, no doubt, people for the most part can be temperamental, the mood can affect job performance, and can impact relationships with other people or what have you. Stated keep the main thing the main thing. And the main thing where he works is to be productive and do your J.O.B. and as long as peoples moods and emotions they will get in the way of them doing their job. Curse out coworkers and clients. Also effects
 
7. Specifically how do moods and emotions affect organizational behavior at SHAR?
 
8. Do you train your employees how to control their moods and emotions? Yes some staff is professional trained staff with bachelors and masters degrees in counseling. They are still human. It is different to handle other people other than yourself. If clients are angry with workers they may go out the window. They must remain focused and client centered to do their jobs. Everything is for the client your one issues are to be put to the side. Another important part of training or coaching is self-care. I am no good to the client if I am not doing good for myself. I must help myself in order to assist the clients. To do this self-care with myself I must do things recreationally, meet with friends, etc. I often use my own experiences when dealing with the clients as well. So do all of the other employees at SHAR. The unique thing with SHAR over the years, SHAR stands for Self Help Addictive Rehabilitation, and SHAR was one of the first companies that hired recovering addicts, it is also know that we hire employees with the book knowledge so to speak, these people did not have the personal experience. Now, today, we have many employees that both have the book education and are recovering addicts. In this company it is very important to have both. With having the addiction background this helps them to endear themselves to the clients and also allows the client to get closer to the staff.
 

 
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identify characteristics that correspond to each of the following components of personality structure, and describe these characteristics.

 
After completing this weeks readings, including our Lesson in the Lesson section:
Visit the following websites
http://www.sportpsychology.com/
http://www.appliedsportpsych.org
Provide a brief summary of why these organizations exist
Part III:
In this discussion you’ll consider your personality and specifically the kinds of roles you play, the way you respond in different situations, and the things in which you believe.
Instructions
1. Thinking of your own personality, identify characteristics that correspond to each of the following components of personality structure, and describe these characteristics. When posting your answer to the following questions, do so in the format provided below and relate your answers to content you read in our text.
Components
1. Role-related behaviors: How you act in different social situations, for example, as coach or instructor, student, son or daughter, and parent.
2. Typical responses: The way you typically respond in different situations, for example, in a friendly pickup game or exercise class, during the first meeting with new teammates, or when learning a new skill in a comfortable environment.
3. Psychological core: Your most basic and deepest attitudes, values, interests, and motives.

 
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