Evaluate the merit of primary vs. tertiary health services related to a population’s health in a country of your choice. Discuss some examples of primary healthcare, like vaccinations, safe drinking water, and basic hygiene. Also provide examples of tertiary healthcare, such as hip replacement, kidney dialysis, and heart surgery. Your paper should be 1-2 pages in length. Document any sources you use in APA format. For more information on APA, please visit the Online Library, which is available through the Resources tab.

The Case For, or Against, New Orleans

Sometimes one’s choices may involve catastrophic decisions and bear great risk and yet there can be no clear answer. For example, if a person gets a divorce, shutters a plant, sells a losing investment, or closes their business, will he or she be better off? The following case incorporates nearly all of the material you have covered this far and presents an example of one such choice where nearly all of the alternatives have a significant downside risk.

Review the following information from the article “A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the New Orleans Flood Protection System” by Stéphane Hallegatte (2005)  :

• Hallegatte, an environmentalist, assigns a probability (p) of a Katrina-like hurricane of 1/130 in his cost-benefit analysis for flood protection. However, the levees that protect New Orleans also put other regions at greater risk. You may assume the frequency of other floods is greater than Katrina-like events (Vastag & Rein, 2011).
• The new levees that were built in response to Katrina cost approximately fourteen billion dollars (in 2010). This is in addition to the direct costs of Katrina (eighty-one billion dollars in 2005).
• 50 percent of New Orleans is at or below sea level.
• A 100-year event means that there is a 63 percent chance that such an event will occur within a 100-year period.
• The following are the interested (anchored and/or biased) constituencies:
• Residents of New Orleans—both those that can move and those who cannot move
• Residents of the surrounding floodplains at risk from New Orleans levees
• The Mayor of New Orleans
• The federal government—specifically taxpayers and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Assume that the availability heuristics make people more risk averse (populations drop, at least in the short term). Consider how this would affect the local economy.

You are an analyst at FEMA and are in charge of developing a recommendation for both the state and the local governments on whether or not to redevelop New Orleans.

Write a report with your recommendation. Address the following in your report:

Part A

• Analyze the economics of New Orleans in light of the above parameters and develop your own Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for rebuilding.
• Evaluate the value of the CBA for each constituency and integrate these estimates into a scenario model and/or decision tree. Analyze the results.
• Clearly each of these constituencies may both overlap and be prey to a variety of group dynamics internally. For one of these options, discuss the decision pitfalls to which they may be susceptible and make a recommendation on how to alleviate these pressures.
• Starting with your CBA, estimate the relevant expected utility for theinterested constituencies.

Note: You need not have absolute amounts but your relevant utilities should be proportional to one another.
Hint: If you assume that your total CBA for New Orleans is fixed for each constituency (do not forget the overlaps), then each constituency will have a piece of the utility pie.

Part B

• Make a case for or against rebuilding the city of New Orleans. This should be an executive summary; be concise and brief. Include exhibits.
• Whether you are for or against, discuss how social heuristics could be used to your advantage, both ethically and unethically, in making your case. You may choose to fill the role of one of the constituents, if you prefer.

Write an 8–12-page report in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use proper spelling and grammar throughout, and keep the text legible and balanced with visuals

Articles:

Hallegatte, S. (2006). A cost-benefit analysis of the New Orleans flood protection system.Center for Environmental Sciences and Policy. Stanford University. Retrieved from 
http://hal.cirad.fr/docs/00/16/46/28/PDF/Hallegatte_NewOrleans_CBA9.pdf

Vastag, B., & Rein, L. (2011, May 11). In Louisiana, a choice between two floods. TheWashington Post. Retrieved from 
http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/in-louisiana-a-choice-between-two-
floods/2011/05/11/AFrjFotG_story.html

Here are the assignments:

Annotated Bibliography Instructions

Early in the course, you should choose a topic related to Economic Development from the list below. As a public administrator, it is imperative that you understand the concepts related to economic development; thus, you will create an annotated bibliography summarizing the current literature on a specific aspect of Public Administration and Economic Development. Your annotated bibliography should include at least 25 scholarly, empirical, current sources (since 2000) that are directly related to your topic. Sources can include the various journal articles that have been assigned as part of the weekly readings throughout the course. Additional journal resources can be found through Liberty University Online’s Research Portal. Be sure that you select a variety of respected sources. Format the annotated bibliography in correct APA style.

Potential topics for your annotated bibliography

Choose up to two of the following topics:

• Important factors in the creation, process, and implementation of local economic development

• History of Economic Development (Be as narrowed/specific as possible – History of rural, suburban, or metropolitan economic development)

• Strategic planning as a part of local economic development

• How community organizations and NGOs impact economic development

• Types of capital necessary for economic development (Be as narrowed/specific as possible – social capital, human capital, physical capital, environmental capital, political capital, and cultural capital.)

• Successes and failures of economic development in the 20^th Century

• Economic development in the 21^st Century

If you would prefer to focus your research on only one of these topics, that is acceptable. You may select a topic not listed here, but directly related to Economic Development. If you wish to prepare your Annotated Bibliography on another topic, you must have the topic pre-approved by the instructor before you begin your research.  

Be sure to follow all instructions: There’s no certain number of pages. Make sure all content is included per the instructions.

Second Assignment is a Discussion Question: At least 600 words o more: The more the better.

Create a SWOT analysis of the location you have chosen for your Case Study Project. A SWOT analysis is an assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing this city/town. Feel free to look up examples of SWOT analyses online to help you with this project. This analysis will become a part of your final project, so it would be wise to heavily invest in the process of creating this SWOT. In your bibliography, be sure to include any resources that you found helpful in explaining the SWOT analysis. This may help your peers who are struggling with creating their own SWOT analysis, and it will help you all as you approach the final stage in your case study project.

Remember the books used for this class from the last homework post. Thanks

In this assignment, you will investigate the biotic and abiotic structure and function of an ecosystem.

Choose one of the following ecosystems:

• Tropical rainforest
• Grassland
• Coral Reef
• Estuary
• Desert

You will write a two to three page APA-style research paper about your choice of ecosystem including:

• Where might this type of ecosystem be located? Give one specific example.
• Describe the structure of the ecosystem: List both the abiotic components and biotic components
• Describe the function of the ecosystem: How do the abiotic and biotic components interact in biogeochemical cycles? Describe both the carbon and nitrogen cycles
• Describe disturbance and recovery: Describe one natural and one human caused disturbance to the ecosystem. Explain the damage to the ecosystem, including how the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the ecosystem changed.
• Explain how ecosystems recover naturally based on resilience mechanisms and the theory of secondary succession.

2. In order to complete this discussion board assignment, review the occurrences at Easter Island and use this situation as a case study of poor stewardship that resulted in lack of sustainability. A discussion of Easter Island may be found in Unit 5 section of the Interactive Learning Materials area of the classroom.

Define stewardship and define sustainability. Then, select either the Amazon Rainforest (deforestation is the issue) or Bridger Teton National Forest located in Western Wyoming (possible oil drilling).

Discuss stewardship and sustainable resource use. In your discussion, describe the issues or potential problems. What are the environmental implications of deforestation if you choose the Amazon for your discussion? What are the ramifications of drilling for oil in Bridger Teton National Forest if this is your topic selection?

Can either area be conserved through wise use or should segments be preserved without any use?

2-3 pages