Choose the best answer for each question.

Part 1

1. Which of the following statements best describes the benefit of gathering background information after you have a specific research topic in mind?

a. Gathering background information will give you all the information you need to research your topic.

b. Gathering background information can help you narrow the focus of your topic.

c. Gathering background information can help you keep track of your research to avoid plagiarizing.

d. Gathering background information can help you fill in the gaps after you have finished your research to see what you may have missed on the topic.

1. Once you have identified the key concepts of a topic or research question and thought of additional keywords (synonyms or related terms), the next step is to use a combination of key concepts and keywords to develop a __________.

a. Boolean operator

b. search statement

c. subject heading

d. search heading

1. Which is a vital component of effective search statements that allows you to combine search terms to broaden or narrow your search?

a. related terms

b. keywords

c. Boolean operators

d. truncation

For questions 4–9, match the appropriate search statement to the types of searches listed below. Type your choice from Column A into the corresponding box in Column B.

1. Which is an example of a search statement correctly using the advanced searching technique nesting?

a. apple AND “farmer’s market”

b. (apple OR pear) AND “farmer’s market”

c. terms assigned to describe items in database

d. apple OR pear AND farm

1. Which advanced searching technique is correctly used in the search statement: toddler AND “Montessori school”

a. nesting

b. truncation

c. phrase searching

d. no advanced searching technique is used in the search statement

1. Both a scientist generating data based on observations of the life cycle of a butterfly, and a college student writing a critique of an artwork, are examples of:

a. common knowledge

b. information creation

c. peer review

d. secondary sources

1. The production and use of __________ is typically cyclical.

a. primary sources

b. database records

c. search statements

d. academic research

1. The most common types of information you will encounter when doing academic research are __________.

a. firsthand accounts and primary sources

b. primary and secondary sources

c. MLA and APA citations

d. library databases and search engines

1. Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary sources?

a. Primary sources are sources of information or data that are interpreted, evaluated, or analyzed, and secondary sources are sources that interpret, evaluate, or analyze primary sources.

b. Primary sources are sources of information or data that are not interpreted, evaluated, or analyzed, and secondary sources are sources that interpret, evaluate, or analyze primary sources.

c. Primary sources are sources of information or data that are not interpreted, evaluated, or analyzed, and secondary sources are sources that only interpret, evaluate, or analyze secondary sources.

d. There is no obvious difference between primary sources and secondary sources.

You need both primary and secondary sources for your criminal justice research paper. Answer the following two questions about the types of sources.

1. Your instructor told you that one of your selected sources listed below is not a secondary source. Which of these sources will you have to replace?

a. criminal justice textbook

b. eyewitness account

c. literature review published in a law journal

d. all three are examples of secondary sources

1. Your instructor told you that one of your selected sources listed below is not a primary source. Which of these sources will you have to replace?

a. trial transcript

b. prisoner’s diary

c. census data

d. criminal justice literature review

1. Which of the following statements best describes academic libraries? Academic libraries:

a. contain materials that support the research needs of faculty and students.

b. include four-year public college libraries, four-year private college libraries, university libraries, and two-year community college libraries.

c. include many that are open to the public and if you are unable to borrow materials, you can often use their resources on site.

d. all of the above

1. Which of the following statements best describes public libraries? Public libraries:

a. may be a good place to start your academic research even though most do not own the large collections of scholarly books and specialized journals appropriate for more in-depth investigation that a research library contains.

b. do not vary in the amount and types of resources offered.

c. do not have electronic research databases.

d. are only located in cities or towns with more than 250,000 people.

1. The following statements describe government depository libraries, except:

a. Government depository libraries have broad collections that can be used for research on governmental issues.

b. Government depository libraries were established by Congress to ensure the American public has access to published U.S. government information.

c. Government documents are available only in print form in a government depository library.

d. Government depository libraries often include state law libraries.

1. Which library research databases include information about articles published in magazines, journals, and newspapers?

a. periodical databases

b. statistical databases

c. reference databases

d. electronic book databases

1. You need to locate an article that (1) is published by a university or professional association, (2) is authored by clearly defined experts with significant knowledge in the subject area, or scholars and/or researchers, and (3) includes a bibliography. Which source would best meet your needs?

a. a newspaper article

b. an article from a trade publication

c. a magazine article

d. a scholarly journal article

1. Choose which article title would most likely be described by the database subject headings victims of famine, Ireland, history.

a. “Irish Babies, African Mothers: Rites of Passage and Rights in Citizenship in Post-Millennial Ireland”

b. “How Many Irish Potato Famine Deaths? Toward Coherence of the Evidence”

c. “‘Good Man, Mary!’ Women Musicians and the Fraternity of Irish Traditional Music”

d. “‘The Gloomy Forebodings of this Dread Disease,’ Climate, Famine and Sleeping Sickness in East Africa”

1. Once you have (1) performed a search in a database, (2) reviewed the list of results, and (3) evaluated a specific source from the results list, what is the next step?

a. identify the author

b. cite the source in your paper

c. evaluate the content of the source

d. determine the date it was published

1. For your research paper on the history of Maui, you locate a source covering the overall history of the Hawaiian Islands. As you evaluate the source, however, you decide not to use it in your research because it never mentions Maui. This significant omission of information falls under what criterion for evaluating resources?

a. authority

b. reliability

c. coverage

d. currency

1. Which of the following statements about when to cite sources is true?

a. If you paraphrase or summarize an idea from another work, you must also supply an in-text citation or reference to the source as well as a full citation at the end of your paper.

b. If you quote another work word for word, you must put the passage in quotation marks, but you need not include a citation in a works cited or references list.

c. If you quote another work word for word, you do not have to put the passage in quotation marks and only need to use a citation in the text of your paper.

d. If you paraphrase or summarize an idea from another work, you must supply an in-text citation or reference to the source, but do not need a full citation at the end of your paper.

1. Most citation styles require similar elements (e.g., author, publication date, title, and the date retrieved if found online) to be included in the citation, no matter if you are using MLA style, APA style, or Chicago style.

a. true

b. false

Part 2

For a course on contemporary issues in science, you are assigned to write a research paper on a current issue. You have chosen the topic “genetically modified foods.” Your assignment indicates that you should use a variety of resources, including books, articles, and Web sites, to find information for your paper.

1. Applying evaluation criteria for Web sources, which of the following seems most appropriate to use in your research on genetically modified foods?

a. Web site of a company that produces genetically modified corn, last updated in 2002

b. annotated bibliography on genetically altered crops published in 2009 by a federal agricultural agency

c. Web site of a vegetarian activist group that advocates organic food production

d. essay on genetics in foods posted on a well-known university’s Web site that is unfinished and has no author and no date

1. Which of the following search statements would be most likely to retrieve relevant articles on the topic of the health risks of genetically modified foods for children with food allergies?

a. allerg* AND (child* OR youth) AND “genetically modified foods”

b. “genetically modified foods” AND health

c. (nutrition OR allergies) AND child*

d. health AND risk AND (child* OR youth) AND allergies

1. You have found a journal article that analyzes recent trends in genetically engineered crop research. This article would be considered which type of information?

a. primary

b. secondary

1. After searching for information on your topic in the library catalog, Web search tools, and library databases, you have still not found enough material on your topic. What should you do next?

a. Narrow your keywords to include more specific terms on the topic

b. Broaden your keywords and revise your search statement

c. Change your topic to one that is covered in your textbook

d. Write the paper using the materials you found

You have found the following database record when searching for articles on your research topic. Use it to answer questions 32–33.

Strategies to Evaluate the Safety of Bioengineered Foods
Delaney, Bryan
International Journal of Toxicology; Sept. 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 5, pp. 389–399
Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition
Genetically modified foods
Transgenic plants
Bioengineering
Herbicide resistance
Pesticide resistance
Herbicides
Analytical biochemistry
Food – Biotechnology
Toxicology

1. What is the title of the article?

a. Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition

b. International Journal of Toxicology

c. Strategies to Evaluate the Safety of Bioengineered Foods

d. Genetically modified foods

1. Which of the following is a subject heading for this article?

a. Delaney, Bryan

b. Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition

c. Genetically modified organisms

d. Food – Biotechnology

You have found the following journal article citation in the library database Academic Search Complete.

Genetically modified food from crops: progress, pawns, and possibilities. By: Morin, Xenia. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, Oct. 2008, Vol. 392 Issue 3, pp. 333–340.

1. Which of the following citations is the correct MLA format for an academic journal article from a library database?

a. Morin, X. Genetically modified food from crops: Progress, pawns, and possibilities. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 392.3 (2008): 333–40. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2009.

b. Morin, Xenia. “Genetically Modified Food from Crops: Progress, Pawns, and Possibilities.” Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry volume 392, issue 3 (2008): 333–40.

c. Morin, Xenia. “Genetically Modified Food from Crops: Progress, Pawns, and Possibilities.” Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 392.3 (2008): 333–40. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2009.

d. Morin, X. “Genetically Modified Food from Crops: Progress, Pawns, and Possibilities.” Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 392.3 (2008): 333–40. Academic Search Complete. University of Maryland University College. 22 Nov. 2009.

1. You need to find a scholarly article on the laws and regulations governing genetically modified organisms. Based on the citation information (to help determine if it is scholarly) and article abstract (to help determine if it is relevant) below, this article is__________.

Citation Information:

State of exception in the regulation of genetically modified organisms in Brazil. By: Pelaez, Victor. Science & Public Policy (SPP), Feb. 2009, Vol. 36 Issue 1, pp. 61–71.

Author (Prof. Victor Pelaez) Affiliations: Department of Economics, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner 632, 880210-170 Curitiba — PR, Brazil.

Abstract:

The regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Brazil has involved intense disputes between the three branches of government (legislative, executive and judiciary). This process arose out of a class-action suit that overruled a decision authorizing the commercial release of GM soybeans by the regulatory body.

a. relevant and scholarly

b. relevant but not scholarly

c. irrelevant but scholarly

d. irrelevant and not scholarly

344 W2 RESP

Guided Response:
Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ posts in a substantive manner. Some ways to do this include the following, though you may choose a different approach, providing your response is substantive:

Review the initial posts made by your peers, and note whether the responses relied upon a different section of the Constitution or amendment than your response.

If your peer chose to focus on a different section of the Constitution or amendment than you did, discuss how that section of the Constitution relates to any example of a business situation from your professional life (past, present, or future).

If your peer chose to focus on the same section of the Constitution or amendment that you did, then compare and contrast the different applications of that section of the amendment to your respective examples from your own professional lives.

Suggest analytical differences that could lead to different outcomes. Point out ways in which the Constitution or its amendments might limit or protect business that your peer did not already identify.

1. Amendment I of the Constitution states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”  In the business world corporations exist less in the commercial world and more as public figures, and as such have affected public affairs, harbor political opinions, engage in influencing public policy, and have reputations (Desai, 2013).  This fine line causes confusion and blurring when corporations seek to separate themselves in a commercial world and public figure scrutiny, in which trademark laws and consumer-protection create paradox between the political and commercial world (Desai, 2013).

Commercial speech is limited to ensure the protection of consumers, but does not necessarily suppress all inaccurate messages.  The law in this respect aims mostly to ban information that deceives the public and remove information that is misleading. 

Protection of corporations and businesses under the first Amendment is evident in the example of Chik-Fil-A company president Dan Cathay denounced same sex marriage based on his religious beliefs.  Many politicians wanted to block Chik-Fil-A openings in their districts but ultimately backed off when they realized Chik-Fil-A is protected under the first amendment (Hill, 2012).  If Chik-Fil-A were, practicing discrimination in their operations or hiring then a basis for a lawsuit would be lawful, but found no such evidence. 

I believe the first amendment protects businesses.  The Chik-Fil-A case is a good example of this protection.  Corporations and businesses, intensely governmentally regulated, that freedom of speech has become a way for businesses to survive, to some degree, in this anti-business environment.  The freedom to voice a belief, an opinion, or a political stance whether you are a corporation, a small business, or individual is the basic of all rights we have as Americans.  Moreover, the courage to do it and possibly suffer ‘blow back’ is admirable.

Desai, D. R. (2013). Speech, Citizenry, and the Market; A Corporate Public Figure Doctrine. Minnesota Law Review, 455-510.

Hill, K. (2012, July 27). Politicians Can’t Block Chik-Fil-A Openings Based on its Same Sex Marriage Stance. Retrieved from Forbes Magazine: www.forbes.com

2. The fourth amendment of the United States Constitution states, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath of affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized” (Seaquist, 2012).

The fourth amendment limits businesses  by allowing authorities to possibly search without a warrant.  If authorities feel that they have probable cause they can search businesses immediately without a warrant.  However, the fourth amendment protects businesses by ensuring that their privacy is not violated without reasonable cause.  Authorities must have sufficient evidence and cause to obtain a warrant to search businesses.

I work for an insurance company and we have access to personal information such as social security numbers, date of birth, and medical history for our clients.  Authorities must obtain a warrant to search our records; and the warrant must specifically request records for a particular client.  The authorities are not allowed to view the information of clients that are not listed on the warrant.  The fourth amendment definitely protects our business and clients personal information.

Seaquist, G. (2012). Business law for managers.  San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.  

Guided Response: 
Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ posts in a substantive manner.

Apply a different ethical theory to the examples identified by your classmate. Discuss the difficulties faced by persons in the workplace who view business situations from different ethical perspectives. Suggest ways that those differences can be overcome while still ensuring the actions of the business are legal.

1. Use three philosophical theories from Chapter 4 to analyze whether it is more important for a business to be ethical or lawful. Provide one example of a situation in which it seems to be more important for a business to be ethical rather than lawful, and one example of a situation in which it seems more important for a business to be lawful rather than ethical.

As a human being the emotions that are connected to everything we say and do would drive us to say that being ethical is more important than being lawful. However, in society all laws are not made under ethical standards. So because it is the law but it is unethical should we break the law and suffer the consequences? Or, do we become unethical and remain in the good graces of the law. I say neither of these is correct. There should never be a time that a person has to decide on whether they should be ethical or lawful but it happens.

Putting two of the philosophies together we can relate the business of the police department. In matters of criminal activity there are times that it is their duty to kill the bad guys. United States law says that murder is against the law. Deontology is a duty-based ethical theory that focuses on individual rights and good intentions. In this school of thought, an act’s morality depends on the actor’s motive, and the only unconditionally good motive is duty. Therefore, for an act to be moral or good, it must be undertaken out of a sense of duty (Seaquist, 2012). Since it is there duty it is okay for the police to break that law in order for the United States’ citizens to be safe. There are millions of Americans and just like any other country, the United States has police to govern their city streets that want to keep their citizens out of harm’s way. Utilitarianism has as its ethical basis the assignment of value to actions based on their outcome. Under utilitarianism, the ultimate good is defined as actions intended to bring about the greatest utility for the greatest number of people (Seaquist, 2012). I am thankful that they do break that law sometime; but is it ethical for me to be happy that the police killed the bad guy and be upset when they shoot an innocent child in the street on accident?

Moving on from the police example the media is another business that is always affected with decisions of ethics and law. Although it will be interesting to record the fight that is taking place, is it ethichal for the media to film instead of contacting the authorities. Unlike utilitarianism, however, the yardstick by which to measure the morality of an act is not the common good but rather the circumstances that surrounded the person committing an act at the time it was committed. It is a precept of this philosophy that a person’s actions cannot be judged other than by placing oneself in the same situation that the actor faced at that point in time (Seaquist, 2012). By the theories standards it would be wrong to continue to watch the fight and not contact the police.

Seaquist, G. (2012). Business law for managers. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

2. Laws have to do with the concept of right, wrong, the judicial system, ethics is the concept of morality. 

Everyone should have ethics in order to practice the laws that regulate our behavior to a certain point. 

There are three philosophical theories of ethics, it is very helpful with business,life when we have to determine whether its the law and the ethical thing to do.

1. Ethical Absoulism: Which is the concept of right, wrong and their circumstances,

Using this concept at work we had five employees and the supervisor had to make a decision to send two of them home.. However three of the employees were great friends with him. However the next day the supervisor had made his decision to send two of his friends home because its was the most ethical, practical thing to do. On the other side, he could have kept all of three of them because he did not want to break the law. Although, he did not have to defend his decision.  

2. Religious Fundamentalism: They believe that living a moral life and a strict adherence to religious principles and values. (pg. 48). 

Within our business we have a diverse number of employees. Also we have lot of employees that believes very heavily in their religion. 

For instance we have couple of Muslims , during Ramadan they want to perform their native ceremony, a lot of the employees for some reason begins to get offended, they ask the management to put a end to what they are during. 

Businesses need to make sure that they do not offend anyone’s  religion because that could put you in a bad situation. What our business had decided to do was to  accommodate everyone by letting the attend the different religious celebration for a two hour period. And because of this plan everyone are happy.

Dentology: which focus on individuals rights, good intentions. A good example of this is when business relocate to a poor country overseas, they pay the workers a lot less than what thye should recieve. 

All newly built businesses abroad know what the right thing to do but for some reason they get caught up with  greed , corruption. However at the beginning that was their intentions. The right thing do is pay the employees the right amount  to avoid issues.

When it comes to stop businesses that their will be times for making the right decision, or an illegal one, you hath to make a decision. But a business can never go wrong as long as its has good ethical values, practice those values.

Seaquist, G. (2002). Business Law for managers. San Diego, CA: Bridgeport Education, Inc.

Explain the design of facilities for compliance with standards and for controlling hazards.

Your essay should be at least 500 words in length and include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.