. What three kinds of cells are infected by HIV?

1. What three kinds of cells are infected by HIV?

macrophages, dendritic cells and cytotoxic T-cells

B-cells, skin cells and T-helper cells

B-cells, T-Helper cells and T-killer cells

macrophages, T-Helper cells and dendritic cells

2. What are the two known routes of entry of the Zika virus into the body? Choose two answers.

oral cavity and the digestive tract

anal/genital tract

inhalation via the respiratory tract

breaks in the skin

3. Name at least three processes that viruses are dependent on cells for?

4. What does the ELISA test for HIV infection measure?

Hepatitis B-specific antibodies

HIV-specific antibodies

circulating HIV particles

HIV-specific DNA

5. What is the cell surface receptor for HIV?

6. What is the likely origin of HIV-1?

sexually transmitted to humans through relations with sheep

germ warfare research by the CIA

infection of humans by a simian virus native to the chimpanzee

a new human-chimpanzee hybrid virus accidentally made in a laboratory with recombinant DNA

7. How does AZT block the production of infectious virus?

It acts as a substitute for a DNA nucleotide that can only be inserted by the viral reverse transcriptase. The presence of the AZT in the DNA aborts the production of new viral DNA.

It directly blocks the reverse transcriptase.

It blocks the protease that cuts apart the three viral proteins, which is a necessary step during viral synthesis.

It blocks the adsorption of the virus to the CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors on the T-cell surface.

8. How do protease inhibitors work?

It blocks the adsorption of the virus to the CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors on the T-cell surface.

It directly blocks the reverse transcriptase.

It acts as a substitute for a DNA nucleotide that can only be inserted by the viral reverse transcriptase. The presence of the AZT in the DNA aborts the production of new viral DNA.

It blocks the protease that cuts apart the three viral proteins, which is a necessary step during viral synthesis.

9. Name the two most common causes of a false negative result in the HIV test?