science

Science

Biology – Questions 1-5

Questions 1-5 test on the study of living things.

Refer to the table below to answer Question 1.

Kingdom Classifications of Living Organisms

Kingdom Monera	Simple one-celled, lacks organelles, mobile, some, such as bacteria, can make their own food
Kingdom Protista	Unicellular, mobile, possess a more complex cell structure than monera, such as paramecia
Kingdom Fungi	Multicellular, lacks chlorophyll, immobile, obtains food from other organisms, such as mushrooms
Kingdom Plantae	Multicellular, contains chlorophyll, immobile, produces its own food, such as moss
Kingdom Animali	Multicellular, mobile, can obtain food on its own, such as lizards

1. Kudzu, a rare vine, is a stationary, multi-cellular organism that is sometimes used as animal feed. In which kingdom would it be classified?

·          A. Protista

·          B. Fungi

·          C. Plantae

·          D. Animali

Refer to the text below to answer Question 2.

A cell is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing. Some organisms are unicellular, such as bacteria, and others are multicellular such as animals. There are two types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are smaller, and lack a nucleus and most eukaryote organelles. Eukaryotic cells are often found in multicellular organisms. Both types of cells are composed of a membrane, cytoskeleton, genetic material, and organelles. The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and provides a barrier to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment. It also acts as a traffic cop, regulating what passes or does not pass through.

2. According to the text above, which of the following statements is true about cells?

·          A. Cells are only present in multicellular organisms.

·          B. Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells and therefore are less abundant in living organisms.

·          C. Eukaryotic cells contain a cell membrane while prokaryotic cells do not.

·          D. The cell membrane is said to be semi-permeable because it can control the flow of substances into and out of the cell.

Refer to the images below to answer Question 3.

3. What stage of mitosis is occurring when the chromosomes start to align at the equator of the cell?

·          A. Prophase

·          B. Metaphase

·          C. Anaphase

·          D. Telophase

4. The Thompson family has four children, three girls and one boy. What caused this change to occur?

·          A. The father’s contribution of a Y chromosome

·          B. They conceived at a different time in the mother’s fertility cycle

·          C. The mother’s contribution of a Y chromosome

·          D. The odds were in the favor of eventually having a boy

Refer to the table below to answer Question 5.

Organ Systems and Their Function

Nervous System	The body’s command central comprised of the brain, spinal cord and specialized neurons. Two hemispheres in the brain control different functions from speech and sight to voluntary and involuntary functions.
Circulatory System	Arteries, veins and capillaries transport nutrients to cells and remove the cell’s waste by pumping blood cells out of the heart.
Muscular System	Comprised of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles that support the body and allow it to move.
Digestive System	Enzymes breakdown food into simple forms so it can be absorbed into the cells as nutrients. Once the food enters the mouth it travels from the stomach to the small intestine then to the large intestines (the colon).
Respiratory System	Regulates the exchange of carbon dioxide out of the body and oxygen into the body within the lungs.
Skeletal System	Comprised of 206 bones that are connected by ligaments and connect at joints to provide motion and protection to the body.

5. A patient complains of stomach pains and poor vision. Which two organ systems should the doctor examine?

·          A. Muscular and Skeletal

·          B. Respiratory and Digestive

·          C. Nervous and Digestive

·          D. Circulatory and Respiratory

Earth and Space Science – Questions 6-10

Questions 6-10 test on the topics of earth and space science.

Refer to the text and diagram below to answer Question 6.

The nine planets of our solar system orbit around the Sun, a large star 860,000 miles in diameter. Seven of the planets have at least one satellite, large asteroids and a vast number of comets. The planets are categorized as inner planets, which are small, high in density and have few satellites or as outer planets, which are larger and have many moons.

6. What planets are referred to as inner planets?

·          A. Jupiter, Earth, Mars and Neptune

·          B. Earth, Venus, Mars and Mercury

·          C. Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury and Pluto

·          D. The Sun, Venus, Earth and Mercury

Refer to the text and diagram below to answer Question 7.

Earth was shaped to how we recognize it today based on plate tectonics and continental drift. The Plate Tectonics Theory explains the creation of mountains and ocean trenches, and the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions based on the movement of the eight major tectonic plates. The Theory of Continental Drift explains how each continent was formed from the single giant mass of continents, the Pangaea.

7. Which of the following is true about the theories explained above?

·          A. The Plate Tectonics Theory explains the movement of the tectonic plates and how that movement creates natural structures on Earth.

·          B. The continents began as one until multiple earthquakes broke them apart.

·          C. The Plate Tectonics Theory was created before the Theory of Continental Drift.

·          D. Earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by the shift in continents within the Earth’s inner core.

Refer to the table below to answer Question 8.

Element	Percentage of Crust’s Mass (weight)	Percentage of Crust’s Volume (space)
Oxygen	46.7	94.24
Silicon	27.7	0.51
Aluminum	8.0	0.44
Iron	5.0	0.37
Calcium	3.7	1.04
Sodium	2.8	1.21
Potassium	2.6	1.85
Magnesium	2.0	0.27

8. Which two elements represent roughly the same amount of the crust’s weight, one of which takes up about 11/5 of the crust’s total space?

·          A. Silicon and Calcium

·          B. Magnesium and Oxygen

·          C. Iron and Aluminum

·          D. Sodium and Potassium

Refer to the graph below to answer Question 9.

9. How much of Earth’s total water supply is not available for drinking water?

·          A. 86.47%

·          B. 87.77%

·          C. 99.97%

·          D. 0.03%

10. The study of the Earth’s atmosphere is called Meteorology. The atmosphere is divided into four layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere (in order of lowest to highest). The altitude of the troposphere is from the Earth’s surface to seven miles, the stratosphere then covers from seven to 30 miles above the Earth’s surface, from 30 to 50 miles is the mesosphere and the final layer is the thermosphere, which is at altitudes from 50 to 120 miles. What atmosphere would you be in if you were at the top of a 10 story building?

·          A. Troposphere

·          B. Stratosphere

·          C. Mesosphere

·          D. Thermosphere

Chemistry – Questions 11-15

Questions 11-15 test on the study of matter.

Refer to the diagram below to answer Question 11.

11. According to the atom diagram above, what is the atomic number of Carbon?

·          A. 3

·          B. 9

·          C. 6

·          D. 18

Refer to the text below to answer Question 12.

A chemical reaction contains a reactant and a product. The reactant is a substance(s) that enters into the chemical reaction, and the product is a substance(s) that results from the chemical reaction. There are two types of chemical reactions: combination and decomposition reaction. Elements are combined in a combination reaction and broken down in a decomposition reaction.

12. What kind of chemical reaction would the production of water be considered?

·          A. Reactant

·          B. Combination

·          C. Product

·          D. Decomposition

Refer to the text below to answer Questions 13 and 14.

Compounds are formed from the bonding of two ore more elements. Bonding occurs from either the transfer of electrons (ionic bond) or the sharing of electrons (covalent bond). Ionic compounds have high boiling points, exist as solids at room temperature, conduct electricity when dissolved in water and are flammable. Covalent compounds, on the other hand, have low boiling points, exist as gases and liquids at room temperature, have poor conductivity and are nonflammable.

13. Which of the following is true about covalent and ionic bonds?

·          A. Ionic bonds occur only between gases and solids.

·          B. Covalent bonds transfer electrons from one element to the other.

·          C. Compounds are created when the protons of one element are shared with at least two other elements.

·          D. Salt is the product of ionic bonding because the sodium electrons transfer to the chloride atom.

14. Which of the following compounds occur from a covalent bond?

·          A. Water

·          B. Salt

·          C. Copper

·          D. Oxygen

Refer to the table below to answer Question 15.

Classification of Elements	Characteristics	Examples
Metals	Conduct heat and electricity Melt at high temperatures High density and brilliant luster	Rhodium Silver Calcium
Nonmetals	Less dense than metals Poor conductors of heat and electricity Melt at low temperatures Low luster	Helium Chlorine Sulfur
Metalloids	Share characteristics of both metals and nonmetals	Boron Silicon Arsenic

15. According to the table above, which of the following statement is true about the element classifications?

·          A. Metals conduct heat and are not shiny.

·          B. Argon melts at -302.4°F, is a colorless noble gas and is classified as a nonmetal element.

·          C. Metalloids, like gold, are poor conductors of heat but melt at high temperatures.

·          D. The density of nonmetals is determined by their atomic number.

Physics – Questions 16-20

Questions 16-20 test on the study of how matter behaves.

Refer to the table below to answer Question 16.

Types of Energy

Steam Energy	Energy generated from steam pressure
Solar Energy	Energy generated from the Sun’s heat
Electrical Energy	Energy generated from an electric current
Chemical Energy	Energy generated from the reaction of 2+ substances combining with one another
Nuclear Energy	Energy generated from splitting or fusing an atom

16. Which form of energy results from the use of wind turbines to run a generator?

·          A. Steam

·          B. Solar

·          C. Electrical

·          D. Nuclear

17. Energy is classified as potential or kinetic. Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object, a rubber band for example. You stretch the rubber band and release it flying through the air. Once the rubber band is in motion it exhibits kinetic energy. A parked car, a child playing with a yo-yo and a calculator exhibit which type of energy?

·          A. CAR: kinetic, YO-YO: kinetic, CALCULATOR: potential

·          B. CAR: kinetic, YO-YO: kinetic, CALCULATOR: kinetic

·          C. CAR: potential, YO-YO: potential, CALCULATOR: potential

·          D. CAR: potential, YO-YO: kinetic, CALCULATOR: potential

18. An electrical charge in motion is an electric current. Electrical charges can move easily through some materials (conductors) and do not move at all through others (insulators). Which of the following materials would be an insulator of electrical charges?

·          A. Water

·          B. Book

·          C. Copper

·          D. Both A and C

Refer to the text below to answer Questions 19 and 20.

A wave is a periodic or harmonic disturbance that travels through space and time, usually by the transfer of energy. Sound, light and water all travel in waves. Sound waves are longitudinal waves with crests that represent the highest displacement and troughs that represent the lowest displacement. The distance between two crests or two troughs is the wavelength. The number of waves that pass a single point per second determines the wave frequency. Light waves are located in the center of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet rays at low frequencies and infrared, microwaves and radio waves at high frequencies.

19. If a sound wave has 4 crests and 4 troughs, measured over 12 seconds and each crest is equally distributed, what is the wavelength?

·          A. 3

·          B. 4

·          C. 12

·          D. 16

20. Where on the electromagnetic spectrum can we see the color violet?

·          A. To the left of ultraviolet rays

·          B. Between infrared waves and microwaves

·          C. Periodically in gamma rays, but mostly in radio waves

·          D. Not enough information given