Case #3: Case 8 pg 416: Discharge for Fraud

Answering the questions below, write a 1-2 page response.

Your paper should be written in APA format, typed, double spaced, 12 pt. Arial or Times New Roman font. . Include a reference page as well.

Arbitration Cases to Decide – You are the Arbitrator

As your author notes “Being asked to arbitrate can be a heady, invigorating, and ego-bolstering experience.  An arbitrator neither has to stand for union election or worry about advancement as a manager.”

You are the Arbitrator (in each of the 4 cases noted below).  Your assignment will be to make a decision based on the facts presented in each case.  As an arbitrator you must render a final and binding decision and clearly support your ruling.

Each report will be prepared in two parts:  Discussion and Award.

Discussion:

What are the facts in each case?  Clearly state them for each side.

What are the issues? 

What are the potential biases?

What laws (if any) pertain to this case?

Award:

Based on the facts of the case, the contract language, and laws that may pertain to this case, what is your final decision?

You will need to support your conclusions with logic and airtight reasoning. 

Are you ready to step up to the plate?  Yes you are….now get to work and do your job!

1.What are two minimal structural features needed to fit the above definition?

2.All cells contain double-stranded DNA genomes that may be circular or linear.  In contrast, describe the variety of viral genomes that can exist                     using these same terms.

3.c.  Most Bacterial genomes range in length from 1000-5000 kilobase pairs (kbp) of DNA.  Most viral genomes fall into the range defined by the H-1 parvovirus and the human cytomegalovirus.  Look up the genome sizes in base pairs (bp) of these two representative viruses.

4.c.  Describe (or give an example) to illustrate the major differences between the following: a “naked virus”, an enveloped virus, and a complex virus.

5.c.   Although viruses are “metabolically inert” outside a host cell, in some viruses one or more key enzymes are “packaged” within the virion.  Give two examples of virions that contain enzymes; name the enzymes and explain their purpose.

6.The first steps in viral replication are viral attachment & penetration.

7.Explain the difference between viral attachment and penetration.Which of the two steps above represents the true beginning of infection?

8.“The attachment of a virion to a host cell is highly specific.”  Explain this statement.

9.a.  Explain how cells may be permissive or not permissive for the replication cycle of a virus.

10.Briefly describe the steps by which a bacteriophage T4 enters an E. coli cell.

11.a.  Bacteriophage lambda is an example of a temperate virus.  Birefly describe the differences between the following two pathways which are available to a temperate virus.

12. Lysogeny versus lytic pathway.  (What is a provirus/prophage?)

13. Describe the structural form of a viroid.

14.What essential feature of a virus is missing from a viroid?

15.a.  Name a disease caused by a viroid and the host infected.

16.a.  What is most unusual about prion replication?

17.a.  Collectively, animal prion diseases are known as __ and a specific example is __.

18.a.  By convention in virology, messenger RNA (mRNA) is said to be of the (+) configuration and the complement is of the (-) configuration.  Briefly, distinguish between a positive-strand RNA virus and a negative-strand RNA virus in terms of its “readiness” to function directly as mRNA after infecting a cell.

19.Briefly describe the diversity of animal viruses in terms of type of nucleic acid genome, shape, size, and presence/absence of an envelope. 

20.List four possible effects that animal viruses may have on cells they infect

21.a.  Describe the distinctive viruses that infect hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota in Domain Archaea.

22.a.  Most bacteriophages have a double-stranded DNA genome.  Name an example:

23.a.  What type of genome does Phage MS2 have?

24.a.  Name a bacteriophage that has a circular single-stranded DNA genome.

25.What is the name of the mechanism, different from the semiconservative replication of cellular DNA, that some viruses with ssDNA genomes use?