Complete all questions with the correct answers

Immune Responses

Abnormal immune responses can trigger a range of autoimmune diseases, in which an individual’s immune system is attacking normal tissues in the body. Well-known examples of autoimmune diseases are type 1 diabetes mellitus, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.

Ideally, one would like to harness the immune system to attack abnormal substances or tissues like cancer, while sparing the normal (unaffected) tissue. Many tumor cells produce antigens (proteins) that theoretically ought to trigger an immune response: that is, one’s immune system ought to recognize cancer cells as somehow foreign or abnormal, and thereafter eliminate these cells from the body. The field of cancer immunotherapy is actively pursuing this study.

Tumor antigens may also be useful for diagnostic tests; high levels of tumor antigens could be taken as markers or indicators of cancer. In this assignment, you will be examining levels of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) as determined from immunoassays (i.e., biochemical tests that measure the concentrations of the tumor-associated antigens in serum samples).

• Download the Excel file MHA610_assignment_3_data.xls, and open it.
• The spreadsheet contains data on 250 individuals: 90 normal individuals from San Diego (the controls), and 160 individuals from Korea and China, all of whom were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Serum samples were taken from the controls and from the cases at time of diagnosis of HCC. Levels of a panel of 12 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) were assessed via immunoassays in all individuals;
    • The levels are given in the columns with headings Ab14, HCC1, IMP1, KOC, MDM2, NPM1, P16, P53, P90, RaIA, and Survivin. (These are the designations of the 12 TAAs, all of which were thought to be potentially predictive of cancer.)
• The underlying question is whether we can effectively discriminate between the cases and controls on the basis of the levels of these TAAs. This is sometimes termed a classification problem in the statistics and biostatistics literature: we wish to classify individuals as normal or cancer patients on the basis of their TAA levels.
• We will examine these data in Statdisk. Use the MHA610_Week 3_Assignment_Data.CSV file to upload this information into Statdisk.
  • If you choose the latter option, Start Statdisk, then choose File>Open and select the .csv file you created (unless you changed the name, it ought to be MHA610_assignment_3_data.csv)
  • Check the box that specifies the data contains column titles or headers, select Comma separated for how the data are delimited, click finish, and the dataset will have been successfully imported into Statdisk.
  • NOTE: you may want to read through the remainder of the assignment first, before proceeding with this step. This may save you some work afterwards!
• Note that Statdisk operates on columns of data, and that both cases and controls are contained in each column of TAA levels. It will be necessary to separate the cases and controls for further analyses. This can be accomplished either by copying within Statdisk or by reverting to the original Excel workbook, copying in Excel, exporting as a .csv file, and then importing into Statdisk. (Don’t say you weren’t warned!)
• Explain if you would characterize any or all of the TAA levels as approximately normally distributed for the controls and for the cases.
  • Provide plots and statistics in support of your conclusions.
• Explain if any of the TAAs are useful for discriminating between the cases and controls.
  • Provide plots and statistics in support of your conclusions.
• All writing assignments should be at least 250-500 words in APA format supported by scholarly sources.

BONUS. In the above, we pooled all cases together.  Summarize whether you think this is legitimate or whether the levels of any of the TAAs appear to differ significantly between the cases from China and the cases from Korea. Provide evidence in support of your conclusion.

ABC Company is a manufacturing firm that specializes in making cedar roofing and siding shingles. The company currently has annual sales of around $1.2 million, a 25% increase from the previous year. The company has an aggressive growth target of reaching $3 million annual sales within the next 3 years. The CEO has been trying to find additional products that can leverage the current ABC employee skill set as well as the manufacturing facilities. ABC Company’s current financial information (before/without expansion) Dec. 31,19X2 Dec. 31,19X1 Cash $50,000 $70,000 Accounts receivable (net) $120,000 $180,000 Merchandise inventory $350,000 $280,000 Property plant, & equipment $400,000 $300,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation $(170,000) $(100,000) Total assets $750,000 $730,000 Accounts payable $250,000 $210,000 Income taxes payable $40,000 $10,000 Common stock $240,000 $240,000 Retained earnings $220,000 $270,000 Total liabilities & stock,equity $750,000 $730,000 The firm’s accrual-basis income statement revealed the following data: Sales $1,200,000 Cost of goods sold $800,000 selling and administrative expenses $250,000 Depreciation expense $70,000 Income taxes $30,000 Dividends declared and paid during 19X2 $100,000 ABC purchased $100,000 of equipment for cash on August 14. (There was no interest expense.) I. An overall risk profile of the company based on current economic and industry issues that it may be facing. II. Current company cash flow a. You need to complete a cash flow statement for the company using the direct method. b. Once you’ve completed the cash flow statement, answer the following questions: 1. What does this statement of cash flow tell you about the sources and uses of the company? 2. Is there anything ABC Company can do to improve the cash flow? 3. Can this project be financed with current cash flow from the company? Why or why not? 4. If the company needs additional financing beyond what ABC Company can provide internally (either now or sometime throughout the life of the project), how would you suggest the company obtain the additional financing, equity or corporate debt, and why? III. Product cost: ABC Company believes that it has an additional 5,000 machine hours available in the current facility before it would need to expand. ABC Company uses machine hours to allocate the fixed factory overhead, and units sold to allocate the fixed sales expenses. ABC Company expects that it will take twice as long to produce the expansion product as it currently takes to produce its existing product. 1. What is the product cost for the expansion product? 2. By adding this new expansion product, it helps to absorb the fixed factory and sales expenses. How much cheaper does this expansion make the existing product? 3. Assuming ABC Company wants a 40% gross margin for the new product, what selling price should it set for the expansion product? 4. Assuming the same sales mix of these two products, what are the contribution margins and break-even points by product? IV. Potential investments to accelerate profit: ABC company has the option to purchase additional equipment that will cost about $42,000, and this new equipment will produce the following savings in factory overhead costs over the next five years: Year 1, $15,000 Year 2, $13,000 Year 3, $10,000 Year 4, $10,000 Year 5, $6,000 ABC Company uses the net-present-value method to analyze investments and desires a minimum rate of return of 12% on the equipment. 1. What is the net present value of the proposed investment ignore income taxes and depreciation? 2. Assuming a 5-year straight-line depreciation, how will this impact the factory’s fixed costs for each of the 5 years (and the implied product costs)? What about cash flow? 3. Considering the cash flow impact of the equipment as well as the time-value of money, would you recommend that ABC Company purchases the equipment? Why or why not? 4. What are the major risk factors that you see in this project? 5. As the controller and a management accountant, what is your responsibility to this project? 6. What do you recommend the CEO do?

Need this by Tuesday. If you do well on it I also Tip. The better my grade the better my tip 🙂 get me an A and you will be very happy with the extra money I will send you once I have my final grade from teacher 🙂

 

PLEASE KEEP IN MIND!!

 

The Method section and survey do not have posted lengths, so I wanted to mention that a good length for the Methods is around 2-3 pages and a good length for the survey is at least 15 questions

 

Also there are APA errors that you will need to fix.